The Marriage between Biology and Engineering Presents The bionic Retina knowledgeableness         In researching a form of maudlin intelligence, the artificial retina presented itself as an interesting topic. Understanding the function of the normal retina is mind-boggling in itself, but interpreting the concept of the artificial retina is baffling. I the pursuit document I will discuss both the employment of a normal retina and the concept of the artificial retina. This form of artificial intelligence is that a starting point for more(prenominal) extensive research and technological disc everyplaceies.
The Normal Retina         The retina is a easy membrane composed of neural tissue located in the corroborate of the eye. It is this part of the eye that gathers optical information such(prenominal) as light detection, object recognition, motion direction, and colors and ranks it to the brain. in that location are approximately 800,000 cells in the retina that acts as the eyes photo-detectors, called rods and cones. In an individual with normal vision, ganglion cells interpret messages from these cells. The ganglion cells then send these messages to the brain via the optic nerve. However, when the rods and cones become inoperative, visual capability is lost. latestly, over 10 million people suffer from retinal distemper leading to the loss of sight.
The Artificial Retina fixings Chip         The Artificial Retina Component Chip is a device designed to scrap the loss of vision, often caused by retinal diseases. This device consists of twain main components: a photo sensing, processing, and stimulus driving check mark powered by solar cells and simple electrode array. The microchip is laid in front of the damaged retina where it can receive visual information and stimulate the retina with the proper current specifications. The current pulses are then passed to the attached electrode array. The actual device is two millimeters fledge and approximately .02 millimeters thick. This degree of thickness is said to enable the transportation system of light and images with the chip to the photo sensors at the back of the chip.
The silicon microchip can be implanted near(a) the vision center of the retina and may receive light images through the pupil. When powered the photo sensor cells in the microchip deepen the light and images into electric impulses and stimulate the nerve ganglia behind the retina.
Current Issues with the Artificial Retina Component Chip         Currently the Artificial Retina Component Chip has an array of 5 by 5 pixels, which is just enough to identify individual letters. However, it is estimated that within five years, the chip may grow to a 20 by 20 array and eventually into a 250 by 250 array, which is enough to charter a newspaper. Although the current chip does not restore constitute vision, it does generate the ability to recognize movement direction and impertinent forms.
The Marriage between Biology and Engineering Presents: The Artificial Retina
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