By the year 1857 the British had established complete political mold of India. As Western education was introduced and missionaries eroded Hindu auberge resentment among Indian people grew and it was joined by self-consciousness among the old governing class when the British decided to finishicially abolish the Mughal Empire.
The mutiny of the Sepoy (native troops in the British army) began on May 10, 1857, when Indian soldiers who had been placed in irons for refusing to swallow new cartridges were rescued by their comrades. The greased cartridges had to be bitten off before use, and the manufacturers had supplied a fat of beef and pork - abhorrent to both Hindus and Moslems. For Hindus the cow is sacred, whilst Muslims believe that the pig is a stinky beast. Inevitably, approximately of the Sepoys refused to use the ammunition, and as a consequence were fettered in chains and imprisoned. Incensed by this move their comrades revolted and freed them. In their escape they viciously killed several British soldiers and this was to set the noise for some savage scenes, especially for the next six months.
The Indian garrison at Delhi joined the mutineers and proclaimed Bahadur Shah, the titular Mughal emperor moth as their leader.The capture of Delhi turned the mutiny into a wide-spread revolt.
tho the leaders were not united, because they sought to revive former Hindu and Muslim regimes, which traditionally had been opposed to each other.
The British had some advantages. They did receive reinforcements from Britain, and they had a base in Bengal, and in the Punjab the Sikhs were so hostile to the Muslims that they supported the British against the Mughal restoration in Delhi.
Bibliography
Palmer, J.A.B. The lawlessness Outbreak at Meerut In 1857. Cambridge: University Press, 1966.
Stokes, Eric. The Peasant Armed: The Indian...
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