The Development of the Railroads

The problems associated with employee relations and this sensitive entity, mammoth Business, also started with the rail inroads before being repeated once again and again with other large-scale enterprises. Alfred D. Chandler accepts readily that the railroads brought closely economic wobble in the American landscape and that they did this through a expert transformation of transportation and conversation beginning in the 1830s and act through the rest of the century. He notes that this innovative business brought about a profound alteration in the existing patterns of American agriculture, industry, and commerce:

Besides stimulating national production and income, the new forms of transportation, particularly the railroad, helped to create new economic methods and institutions that were essential in guiding and shaping the American drive to industrialism.

The railroad make transportation and communication less costly than they had ever been, and the telecommunicate which accompanied the growing railroad meant almost instantaneous communication to nearly every part of the nation. Chandler argues that the railroad was America's first tolerant business and created new patterns of economic and business activity and new institutional forms for business. This is per

The railroads shared amply in the optimism, expansion, and prosperity so typical of the decade. By 1860 a railway network of over 30,000 miles served all the states east of the multiple sclerosis quite adequately, and few locations of substantial population in the eastern third of the nation were far removed form the work of the locomotive whistle.

The answer may be that our understanding of the rail experience is less complete than we realize, and that one major welkin of weakness concerns the railroads' relationship to the roles played by competition and convention in the economy.

Klein, Maury. "Competition and Regulation: The Railroad Model." Business accounting Review 64 (Summer 1990), 311-325.

In the creation of these rail networks, advances in technology and in operational methods played a real role.

Locomotives and rolling stock were made heavier and were improved as brand replaced iron and as boilers were made larger, frames longer, and driving wheels more numerous. The ordinary axle load for the new coal-burning expansion-cylinder locomotives increased from 20,000 pounds in 1868 to about 70,000 by the 1920s. Pulling power multiplied ten sentences over. The sleeping car and the refrigerator car were fully developed. The steel frame, and therefore the all-steel body, made for greater durability and safety. Speed also increased, from a high of 112 miles per hour in 1893 to 127 miles per hour by 1905. unison in gauges was slow in developing, but in time that problem was solved. Other aspects were also improved and mode uniform, from promise on time belts to rate and traffic agreements.

haps the real piece of the railroads to business history, says Chandler, along with the changes the railroad brought to business as a whole and to migration patterns in the New World. Because of the railroad, more and more state began moving into previously uninhabited regions of the vast territories of the West. The railroad was itself a spur to o
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