Cell Bio

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General Cell Biology 3611
Extra conviction assignment #3

41.
cAMP street:
- Adenylyl cyclase membrane bound enzyme, whose catalytic domain is activated by GTP bound form of Gs alpha.
-activated adenylyl cyclase converts adenosine triphosphate into cAMP, which acts as a second messenger
-cAMP activates kinaseA (PKA)
-in the inactive state PKA lie down of a complex of two catalytic subunits and two regulatory subunits
-binding of cyclic AMP to regulatory subunit alters their conformation and liberates the catalytic subunits which now are active and phosphorelate ad hoc physical object proteins
-activated PKA subunits set down the nucleus where they phosphorelate transcription factors
-this activates transcription after binding to specific regulatory region that are present in the promoters of target genes.

IP3 pathway:
-a receptor is activated by the binding of a ligand. The receptor-ligand complex associates with G protein, Gq causes displacement of GDP by GTP and dissociation of the alpha and beta-gamma subunits
-GTP-Gq complex then binds to phospholipase C, activating it and causing segmentation of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG
-IP3 is released then into cytosol where it triggers Ca+ release
-DAG remains in the membrane where it activates protein kinaseC.





Tyrosine kinase pathway:
-Tyrosine-kinase receptors differ from G-protein-linked receptors in three crucial ways

-Rather than activating G proteins following their conformational change tyrosine-kinase receptors instead activate their own enzymatic activity, the tyrosine-kinase activity and then phosphorylate themselves. The phosphorylated receptor is then recognized by cytoplasmic proteins which affect the transduction event through the cytoplasm

-Part of the process of energizing of tyrosine-kinase activity involves a dimerization (linking together of two subunits) of the tyrosine-kinase receptor
-Receptors turn on phospholipase C gamma

42.
Alpha receptors are located postsynaptically at sympathetic...If you inadequacy to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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