The History of Organized Crime in Russia

Russian unionized hatred (ROC) is distinct from other manifestations of organized plague in that its groups cannot be classified as distinct, centralized entities. ROC generally lacks the traditional social rank rules and codes of honor and respect associated with the American Mafia and a distinguishing judge of ROC relates to the members' common experience of having lived in a police country (O'Neal, 1).

The scope of the problem underscores its significance. Scott O'Neal (2) pointed out that reports of the number, size, and activities of Russian organized crime groups vary greatly. Official Russian reports stir estimated that 3,000 to 5,000 savage groups inhabit in the country opus the FBI (applying a narrower definition of organized crime) believes that approximately 80 major organized criminal groups melt down in Russia - and that many of these groups have established a charge in the United States and throughout Eastern and Western Europe.

check to Cameron Half (53), the best antecedent of today's ROC is the vorovskoi mir or "Thieves' being" of the Soviet underworld. This consisted of approximately 600 magnateful individuals known as Thieves in fairness who were joined by another 2,000 people who "followed the law of criminals." This in general organized group was opposed to all forms of communist power and did not admit any individual who had served in the recent Pioneers, the Komsomol, or other communist institutions. The Thieves

Between 1991 and 1996, in the second wave of Russian immigration, approximately 340,000 TmigrTs legally arrived in America along with tens of thousands of Russians entering the U.S. with unorthodox visas who remained in the country illegal. O'Neal (4) contends that many professional criminals were include in this second wave, particularly career criminals more prone to strength and less sophisticated than the earlier "fraudsters." The criminal acts of the new arrivals included providing illicit services such as prostitution, gambling, and loan sharking while committing an assortment of violent and property crimes.

Health care fraud, atom smasher pump crimes, bank fraud, stock market manipulation, and "pump and douse" stock fraud schemes are among the most visible types of criminal activities associated with ROC in the U.S. (O'Neal, 5).

Galeotti, Mark. "The Mafiya and the New Russia."

in Law Enforcement." Demokratizatsiya, Winter 2002,

World controlled the Soviet Union's black market, including many transactions in stop parts, automobiles, timber, and gems at an estimated 1992 value of U.S. $60.5 billion.

. The House internationalistic Relations deputation has sought to increase the number of FBI agents in Moscow and pass the capacity of the Moscow mission to conduct investigations. . The government has pass and spent millions to help train Russian law enforcement personnel in criminal investigative techniques in Russia, at the International Law Enforcement Academy in Budapest, and in the United States. The object of the training sessions is not only to impart information save to establish the cooperative relations that are so important to effective international law enforcement.

Gray and Deacon (16) report that in Russia, criminals have extended their power and influence from the patronize streets to government offices and into athletic enterprises as well. Highly paid Russian athletes who work abroad, including several National Hockey League stars, have
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