Leadership examples | Robert Kuok Hock Nien

Leadership examples Robert Kuok Hock NienLeadership can be defined as a persons ability to let others go forthing to follow attractionship. Every organization needs leading at all levels. Leaders can be install and nurtured if you look at the following character traits. Visionary attractor has a clear, vivid picture of where to go, and firmly grasp that looks like what is success and how to achieve it. entrustd it is not enough to drop a great deal leaders as well must be shared and put into practice. Jack Welch, the former chairman and psyche executive officer of General Electric Company, express, expert note leaders create a vision, a clear vision, passion, vision and relent littlely drive it through. (Investing Value)The leader must be able to communicate, buy its followers in his or her vision. He or she must communicate clearly and enthusiasm, passion is contagious. Besides that, a good leader must have the discipline and single-minded in his or her vision, as we ll as to guide his or her actions, and to the goals of the team. The action is a sign of the leader. A leader does not suffer analysis paralysis, but the thing to do is always in pursuit of the vision, inspire others to do the same.The simplest comment for leading is a leader having followers. According to Keith Grint, leadership is not just now to delineate a space in a language game, and it is not merely a game of sophistry indeed, we dont need to agree on the translation but we need to be able to chthonianstand each others position so as to grapple on sense of each others arguments (Grint, 2010).A good leader will lead the organization to a better future and also provide benefits to society. The characteristics of a leader also important because it may affect the society when the leader became the role model of the military man. Peoples will practice what the leader done to bring forth the way success.ObjectivesTo learn more about those surveil leadershipTo identified t he way of the leaders succeedTo compare the similarity and the difference between those leadersTo understand the characteristics of each leaderResearch methodologyDuring this assignment, near of my information came from internet and also refers from some reference book to get more flesh out to support what I need to do. Besides that, I do ask for some peoples opinion on the leader that I had chosen to understand the curtilage why and how the leader influenced the world and also the person himself/ herself.Literature reviewThe simplest definition for leadership is a leader having followers. According to Keith Grint, leadership is not simply to delineate a space in a language game, and it is not merely a game of sophistry indeed, we dont need to agree on the definition but we need to be able to understand each others position so as to make sense of each others arguments (Grint, 2010).Leadership ability, which means that the leader has the ability to do something through talent and technology (Smith, 2010). Talent is natural and technical capabilities through training and experience. Talent is certainly helpful, but not required. I know many people are born with leadership close to zero, but erupt out great leaders through training, experience, and most importantly, persistence (Smith, 2010).Good leadership is critical to a successful trail. Success comes from aiming high with the clear vision, ethos and communication that good leadership brings. We will act to support high musical note school leadership and inspired ambitious school communities. (Ambitious, Excellent rails Our Agenda for Action, Scottish Executive, 2004, p5)Even more recently, it is not an isolated activity, investment in a person, but all kinds of people, and contributes to the leadership of effective leadership, leadership distribution. If this happens, then the leadership willing to go beyond the individual management training, the need to obtain a wider knowledge team leadership le adership skills, how to develop?The in the buff qualification is called the depicted object Professional Qualification in Integrated Centre Leadership (National College for School Leadership, 2005) It is acknowledged that the early leadership with distinctive emphases, especially in the development of integrated ser depravitys and hybrid models of the staff continue to be a make of the early childhood work.One view was that the leadership is personal qualities, therefore, the single leadership role, the concept of competition and power of the built-in (Thornton, 2005) does not sit intimately with the cooperation of the way early childhood commandment practice basis. Early familys before school services are often non-hierarchical, and the majority of women workers (Ebbeck and Waniganayake, 2003 Rodd, 2005). Fairly matted structure means, assigned leadership models are often enough to be the priority in the early childhood setting, although in pen green (Pen Green, 2005) assert s that if we vary the life chances of children can only be end by the far-sighted leadership.Early childhood sector continues to grow we are now the majority of families use of pre-school education (Scottish Executive, 2004a). These diametric settings often have a different concept, structure and spirit assurance of various models Muijs et al (2004) report that they are inspected by different bodies.Solly (2003) conducted a study finds that there is regarded as a leader in setting the differences in the various types of child care. Pre-school, primary school, private and voluntary settings, respondents believe that a single leader, but a formal leadership kindergarten celebration and centers of excellence provide a broader interpretation. Early education to clarify their leadership, according to a different set, they are based. For example, Osgood reported that private sector providers are easier to apply subscriber line principles, a set of management and volunteer management de sharement set less comfortable with entrepreneurship agenda (Osgood, 2004). care kindergartens tend to have a collaborative leadership and community-centered way, jeopardize the gains for fear of competition (Osgood, 2004).The leader sex may be a way, in addition to the education sector leadership in early childhood. Rhoda (2005), women determine the concept and need to be led by the hesitation What kind of leadership could mean that early childhood services, they may lack of understanding. Involving sets (Dunlop, 2005), the relationship between the concept of leadership in the department, has more in greenness with early childhood education teaching method than the traditional business philosophy, leadership. on that point is a view that the different leadership styles of men and women leaders new research has provided no evidence to support this (Muijs).However, Solly (2003) found that the majority of early childhood leaders, in his study that the difference between the de partment and other leadership styles. A social constructivist mode of learning often early years, advocates, Solly found that leaders of early childhood education itself industrious learning tendency to make others. The participants felt that the advantage of their own propaganda, inspiration, enthusiasm, and spirit, are lifelong learners and teamwork (Solly, 2003).In my opinion, I do agree that some leader was born to be but most of them were do. Nobody will be the perfect one but after trained, most of the attitude will bring up after training to become a leader.FindingThe leaders that I choose for my assignment is the co-founders of Amway Richard Devos and Jay avant-garde Andel, and the chairman of heaven Hotels and Resorts range Robert Kuok Hock Nien.BackgroundRichard DevosMr. Richard M. DeVos, the rich is the co-founder of the Amway Corporation, and served as vice president. Rich DeVos met a founding partner of Amway Corporation, the lifetime friend Jay van Andel in high school Houdiweishi willing to pay 25 cents a week, bicycle to school. In 1949, Mr. DeVos formation of JA-RI, and began merchandising the product direct sales basis. In 1959, he founded Amway Corporation (short form as American Way) and Van Andel and fountain selling to friends, family, and door-purpose cleaner. DeVos to step down in 1993, Doug, his son took over as president of the go with.In October 2000, Amway has been one of four subsidiaries of a new holding company, Alticor, Access handicraft ag root word LLC, a provider of business services, and Jetstar operations in due north America, based on the Web three sister companies Access ancestry theme LLC., a business services provider, and Quixtar Inc., a Web-based business in North America. He served as the founding chairman of the National Organization on Disability.He is the lead of the National Basketball Association. He served as chairman of the Direct Selling Association. He served as a director and founder of the co mpany Alticor. Amway Chairman of the Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, he served as a board member of the National Organization on Disability, the board of Directors, Gerald R Ford Foundation Member, Board of Directors, the governor of Florida Northwood University the Council freedom trustee an honorary member of the Committee, DeVos Childrens Hospital researcher, the worlds scholarship at Duke University, Edinburgh distribute, Newcomen Society Board of Directors of the past, the spectrum of health container president, before the fiscal Chairman of the National Policy Committee, the Republican National Committee, the Chairman of the Committee of AIDS past members. He was in the U.S. Air Force 1944-1946.A well-known speaker, Mr. DeVos has appeared around the world hundreds of thousands of people. Recorded lectures, sales to the United States, free economy Education Foundation, the Alexander Hamilton award, he wrote three books believe, compassionate capitalism, and I sincerely hope that ten lessons in life and I really hope, 10 lessons of 71-year-old, his heart transplant, and provide such perseverance, confidence, confidence, respect and faith, life, life-changing experience.September 1991, Mr. DeVos and his family obtained the National Basketball Association, the Orlando Magic franchise he authorized numerous awards and honors, including Davenport University Outstanding Business Award 2000 We can make a difference to pay tribute to the life Award in 1999 from West Michigan, the political sympathies hopes, Humanitarian Award, in 1999, the American Spirit Award, the Republican House of Representatives and the Senate in the 1998 Junior Achievement National Business Hall of Fame in 1998.Professor Horatio Alger in 1996 Horatio Alger Award, Edison Award in 1994 by the American associate professor of marketing a year in the Adam Smith Free Enterprise Award from the American Legislative Exchange Council 1993 Donald J. Potter Humanitarian Award b y the YMCA Heritage Club heroic Rapids, Michigan in 1993, the social responsibility of entrepreneurs year 1992, the annual implementation, sales and marketing, University of Arizona, 1991 William Booth Award Salvation Army in 1990, appointed by the competent international school achievement Charter in 1990, the United Nations Environment Programme Achievement Award of the organization, to accept on behalf of Amway in 1989, Napoleon Hill Gold Medal Corporate Achievement Award in 1989, greatly Grand Rapids business hall of fame in the 1989 Entrepreneur of the Year in 1988, the University of Missouri, 1979 Direct Marketing Association Hall of Fame Award, Outstanding Management Award, Industry Week, freedom of speech, Thomas Jefferson Award, Kiwanis American Enterprise award-winning senior management of National Association can accommodate 10 honorary doctorate degrees different colleges and universities throughout the country, and honor due to OMICRON Delta Kappa, the national leade rship of the association.In April 1998, his family through the RDV sports was traced WNBA franchise the right International in Orlando Miracle Mr. DeVos and his family have Orlando Sun clear Hoc find out League. He is a Grand Rapids Christian high school graduates and participants Calvin College in Grand Rapids.Today the company, now operated by Alticor in 2000 after the shakeup under the umbrella of the revenue of $ 10.9 billion, 17% in 2011, the 11th time in 12 years the company has recorded an increase in sales. DeVos also owns the Orlando Magic. He built a new arena for the team at the Amway Arena in 2010, $ 480 million.Jay Van AndelJune 3, 1924, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, died of Parkinsons disease, December 7, 2004, in Ada, MI. Entrepreneurs. Van Andel has become a pilgrimage site belong to evangelical Protestant denominations, Christian Reformed Church Dutch immigrants. Christian high school in the city, the Van Andel and DeVos, began his flight school after retur ning to service in the Army Air Corps during World War II. They opened a restaurant in the hard butter hamburger fry recipe from their mother, but later sold to the two companies, and buy a Caribbean cruise. They plan to start a business seagoing, but they returned to Cuba and Grand Rapids near the ship was damaged.Amway co-founder Jay Van Andel, grown into one of the most impressive and controversial success story in the U.S. business. Van Andel architect Amway attractive direct marketing strategy, through personal contact network sales of consumer goods, but the company from consumer watchdog groups, sometimes attracted unfavourable attention. Along with the long-term business partner Richard DeVos and Van Andel is the most prominent business leaders in a Michigan Republican and conservative political causes and generous contributions.Van Andel and DeVos business, import and export called Nutrilite supplement manufacturers. Use what they have l clear, from the sale of your friends and family, they founded Amway in the basement of the family Van Andel in 1959 LOC, full-featured household cleaners. Their company name to American way, and relies on a multi-level marketing scheme. New sales recruits will buy the goods and the price tag as an independent distributor for sale to others. However, the key to success is to recruit other people to join the team to grow sales, independent distributors will receive a percentage of the profits from sales of their recruits returns.Van Andel wrote all sales and marketing materials in the early stages of Amway expanded to include self-help books and tapes incentives. Also to be sold to independent distributors of new recruits and various brands of Amway products gradually widen to almost all consumer goods, from soap to vitamins. Amway basic knowledge of free enterprise, and motivate the sales mix is not without its critics, and some are not satisfied with the members who pick out that the company is what is essentially a large-scale fraud. It was investigated by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for several years, but the founder is connected to the Grand Rapids birth Republicans will go to the White House in 1974, Gerald Ford, to help it to avoid further investigation. Amway cannot escape investigation, however, making a false report tax evasion charges brought in 1983 by the Government of Canada through the United States and Canada boundary value goods. Amway paid a fine of $ 58000000, which is the largest ever imposed on Canadian history.Amway was an international background and a large number of members in China and other Asian countries during the 1990s. The company eventually changed its name to Alticor, is considered worth $ $ 62000000000 in 2004. Van Andel retired in 1995, will no longer serve as Chairman of the Company, and continue to be involved in philanthropy. He and DeVos generously to various city cultural institutions Grand Rapids, in various projects, bear the name of Van Andel Va n Andel Institute, dedicated to education and medical research. He also funded a plant in Arizona, hoping to upgrade through scientific methods, that the world is the highest in six days, the Christian Bible. He is also an enthusiastic donor to Republican coffers and donated $ 2000000 in the presidential campaign in 2004, the United States, resulting in a series of television commercials, questioned the value of the Democratic Party, the White House is hoping John Kerry (John Kerry) the development and experience of the organization.Big Rapids Hoekstra married Betty Van Andel in 1952, he had four children. He owns a private island, and later years, Van Andel died in January 2004 in the British Virgin Islands family where he spent his at last few weeks, too. He returned to Michigan and December 7, 2004, aged 80, after suffering from Parkinsons disease for several years, died at his home in Ada, Michigan. He is survived by his son, Steve, and Dave, his female child Nan and spines, and ten grandchildren. Forbes estimated his personal wealth at $ 29 billion. For me, the biggest source of pleasure rather than the acquisition of material things are endless, but to create wealth, give up, he wrote in his autobiography of 1998, a proactive life, according to Uncle Adam. Mr. Sitan in the Washington Post. The job of everyone on this planet is the ultimate glory of God. Van Andel died in 2004 at age 80 due to heart failure.Robert Kuok Hock NienRobert Kuok was born on October 6, 1923, in Johor Bahru and his three brothers, youngest. He is an influential member of the Malaysian Chinese business. According to Forbes magazine estimated his net worth is about $ 90 billion, which makes him the richest man in randomnesseast Asia. In addition to a large number of enterprises in Malaysia, his companies have investments in many countries in Asia. His business interests consist of sugar cane plantations (Perlis Plantations Bhd), sugar refining, flour milling, animal feed, oil a nd mining to finance, hotels, real estate, cover and transport (International Shipping Corporation, Transmile group) and publications. Just like Boon Siew and Lim Goh Tong, who emigrated from China, Kuoks father arrived in Malaya from Fujian, China in the early 20th century. And unlike the late Boon Siew and Goh Tong, Kuok is an ameliorate rich man (Unknown, 2010).He received his early education in English schools and then enrolled into Raffles College in Singapore, with Lee Kuan Yew as one of the classmates. He had a short stint working with Japanese companies, Mitsubishi after studies at Raffles was stopped because the invasion of Japan, before helping his father with the trade business. later on the death of his father, Kuok and his two brothers have decided to continue the legacy business, starting with the distribution of sugar and some other commodities under the new transport-colonial government (Ikhwan, 2011). Business skills they have picked up from their father, who i s an avid trader. In 1961, he made a coup by buying cheap sugar from India before the price goes up. Kuok broad involvement in the sugar industry allows the company to be a supplier of open government and Kuok sugar refinery plant to grow again. At the cover of his business, he has control of 80% of the Malaysian sugar market with production of 1.5 million tons, equivalent to 10% of the global export market, and so earned his family name Sugar King of Asia.Encouraged by the success of his sugar business, Kuok has fastened his increase business into flour milling, shipping, logistics, oil and gas and hotel. His resurrections to success are fame and famous due to both his expertise in spotting opportunities and strong network with great people, corporations and governments. In 1971, he built the first heaven Hotel in Singapore. His go into Hong Kong property is in 1977, when he acquired a new piece of land reclaimed Tsim Sha Tsui East waterfront, where he built a second hotel, the Kowloon Shangri-La. Kuok controls the Shangri-La hotel chain and is the largest shareholder of Transmile Group Berhad, which is engaged in accounting irregularities scandal in 2007, the stock price goes down. In addition, he took Kerry Group a34.9% interest in the South China Morning Post from Murdochs News Corporation in 1993. He said his hotel check every now and then to ensure that staff provides the highest quality service. There are times when he invited the taxi driver for a free lunch at the hotels cafe. Kuok is considered a man of truth when dealing with people, including employees.There are stories Kuok sought permission from cabin crew to smoke in an airplane he owns. When the crew told him that he would not have to ask anyone, he responded by saying that he was only asked in a normal passenger capacity. His company has investments in many countries, including Singapore, Thailand, China, Indonesia, Fiji and Australia. Business in China includes 10 bottling companies Co ca Cola, ownership of the World Trade Centre Beijing. Confirmed his political influence he was named by one of the childs future advisor Hong Kong in the hie up to the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong, and minority interests in CITIC Pacific. He also played an important role in disseminating information and set up a meeting between Malaysia and China governments leading to full diplomatic cross recognition between the two countries. Kuok has married twice and has eight children. He officially retired from the Kerry Group on 1 April, 1993. Now, Kuok Khoon Ean, one of the sons of Robert, handles most of the day-to-day operations of the business. He was living in Hong Kong at this time.Kuok Group started business as Kuok Brothers special(a) in the year 1949 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, trading rice, sugar and wheat flour. Business activity expanded in 1953 with the orifice of the Singapore Branch, Kuok (Singapore) Limited. From a humble beginning, the Kuok Group has grown to becom e one of the most diverse multinational conglomerate and dynamic in Asia.Driving force behind the branch of the Group is Kuok family, whose vision and commitment to hard work and excellence for more than two generations have made Kuok Group market leader in many areas. From the beginning of its operations, the Group has set forth the basic values of integrity, loyalty and discipline. These values have served as the basis for achievement during the past 46 years. From a trading post established in Malaysia and Singapore, the Group has expanded its operations in the 1950s and 1960s to Thailand and Indonesia. It focuses on the activities of ancillary and related to growth, and also pursued new business and trade opportunities, particularly in commodities, resulting in a trading relationship with companies in Hamburg, Paris, London and New York. Hong Kong and China become the focus of further development in the region in 1980 after a group of senior managers 1970sand established Kerry Holdings Limited in Hong Kong in 1974. The name Kerry has become identified with the Kuok Groups blanket(a) operations in Hong Kong and China. The Group has built a management team with great depth and breadth of experience and knowledge. The team continues to focus on herself for the Groups business expansion, particularly in emerging markets in Asia, in areas that complement the Groups business, especially in emerging markets in Asia, in areas that complement the Groups interests and expertise. Central to its future growth is a commitment to maintain the values that lie at the heart of the Kuok Groups success.To spend money is to earn money.If the pabulum in the staff canteen is good, the food in the hotel is good. (Quotes from Robert Kuok)Company profileAmway (Amway)People helping people, people live better life.Amway is one of the worlds largest direct selling businesses powered by Brands That Do Wonders Opportunities That place Relationships That Endure Global Citizenship Th ats Purposeful Amway is above all a family company. Steve Van Andel and Doug DeVos lead a diverse global management team that supports distributors and their goals. Jay Van Andel, said of the company, AMWAY gets people into a new life of excitement, promise, profit, and hope. AMWAY now operates in over 80 countries and territories around the world.For over 50 years, Amway continue to build on the archetype values and principles established by our founders to ensure the passion for the business bides alive. FreedomPersonal opportunity and economic opportunity go hand in hand. With AMWAY you have the freedom to change your life by owning your own business.FamilyWe all need family to cheer us on. We are all members of the global Amway family we respect and take care of each other to foster success.HopeInspiring you to dream bigger. Amway creates an environment where hope can thrive.RewardHappiness is best achieved through earned success. Amway rewards what you achieve, and also what you help others achieve.Vision and valuesWe work each and every day to help people live better lives. We achieve our vision by helping people everywhere discover their potential and achieve their goals by offering better brands and opportunities for the future, and by sharing generously with the global community. To help us realize our vision, we have six enduring values that the business has been built on. Said co-founders of Amway.PartnershipAMWAY is built on the concept of confederacy between the co-founders. The partnership that exists among the founding families, employees, and business owners is our most prized possession. We always try to do what is in the long-term best interest of our partners, in a manner that increases trust and confidence. impartialityIntegrity is essential to our business success. We do what is right, not just whatever works. AMWAYs success is measured not only in economic terms, but by the respect, trust and credibility. Personal WorthWe also ackno wledge the uniqueness created in each individual. Every person is worthy of respect, and deserves fair treatment and the opportunity to succeed to the fullest extent of his or her potential. AchievementWe are builders and encouragers. We strive for excellence in all we do. Our focus is on continuous improvement, progress and achievement of individual and group goals. We anticipate change, respond swiftly to it, take action to get the job done, and gain from our experiences. We encourage creativity and innovation. Personal ResponsibilityEach individual is prudent and accountable for achieving personal goals, as well as giving 100 percent effort in helping achieve corporate or team goals. By helping people help themselves, we further the potential for individual and shared success. We also have a responsibility to be good citizens in the communities where we live and work.Free EnterpriseWe are proud advocates of freedom and free enterprise. Human economic advancement is clearly prove n to be best achieved in a free market economy.5.2.2 Shangri-La Hotels and Resort Chain (Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts)The Shangri-La story began in 1971 with their first deluxe hotel in Singapore. Inspired by the known land featured in James Hiltons 1933 novel, Lost Horizon, the name Shangri-La encapsulates the serenity and service for which our hotels and resorts are ren have worldwide. Today, Hong Kong-based Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts is Asia Pacifics leading luxury hotel group, Shangri-La Hotels Group are also regarded as one of the worlds finest hotel ownership and management companies. With 75 hotels and resorts throughout Asia Pacific, North America, the Middle East, and Europe, the Shangri-La group has a populate inventory of over 30,000. In addition, new hotels are under development in mainland China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Turkey and United Kingdom.The Shangri-La S logo, which resembles uniquely Asian architectural forms, suggests ma jestic mountains reflected in the waters of a tranquil lake. Shangri-La Hotels are five-star luxury hotels located in premier city addresses across Asia, Middle East, North America and Europe. To treat a stranger as one of our own characterizes the hospitality one can expect from Shangri-La. Discerning travelers will enjoy frontmost service amidst tranquil surroundings, coupled with inspirational architecture and design. The finest dining experiences at every hotel and resort ensure that every palate is pampered. But what makes each stay truly memorable is something even more exquisite and rare Shangri-Las special kind of hospitality. Hospitality from the heart.Shangri-La Asia Ltd. is the Asias leading luxury hotel and the fastest growing group. The company, part of Malaysias Kuok Group, operates 45 hotels across Asia. In2005, the company also started to drive to the markets of Europe and North America, including the launch of the construction of the first hotel in Europe, in Lond on, is expected to be completed in 2009. The company also opened its first hotel in the Middle East, in Dubai, and the Maldives. Mainland China, however, form the heart of the empire, with more than 20 hotels in operation, and at to the lowest degree 15 more are expected to open before 2010.Shangri-La is unusual among international hotel companies that it owns the bulk of its hotel. So, the hotels under management are not fully owned by the group, most of which are owned by other companies Kuok Group, and especially by the major shareholders own Shangri-La, Kerry Properties Ltd. Shangri-La hotel mainly operates under the luxury, the five-star Shangri-La brand. The company also operates a small number of mid-range business-oriented hotel Traders. Listed in Hong Kong and the Stock Exchange of Singapore, Shangri-La remains a small part of the Kuoks business empire.However, founder Robert Kuok holds an active interest in the group, and has expressed his desire to see Shangri-La achieve 100 hotels in life. In 2004, the company recorded revenues of $ 726 million. Inspired by the known land featured in James Hilton novel Lost Horizon published in 1933, the name Shangri-La include relaxation and services Shangri-La is renowned worldwide. The group has two brands of Shangri-La and Traders hotels. Shangri-La properties are particularly luxurious five star city centre and resort hotels with the majority of city centre hotel has over 500 guest rooms, while the resort properties tend to be a little smaller. Shangri-La tradition of service excellence begins with the opening of Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore in 1971. These 15 acres of landscaped gardens, the rooms are beautiful and gracious Asian style set a new standard for excellence in the hotel, which to this day continues to guide the design characteristics of the group. Training is a priority Shangri-La and important source provided annually to ensure employees have the skills and knowledge to be the best in their respe ctive fields. This has earned awards and recognition from the international group of guests, prestigious magazines as well as industry partners and made Shangri-La hotel one of the employer of choice, with more than 30,000 people serving guests with a philosophy of Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People.Since its origin, the group has grown rapidly to meet the growing demand for deluxe hotels and resorts in Asia Pacific and the capital of the most sought after leisure destinations. Today, there are 65 properties, which are only 18 third-party management agreements, across Asia-Pacific, North America and the Middle East, representing a rooms inventory of over 28,000. In addition, there are over 40 projects under development, including the location in Austria, Canada, mainland China, France, India, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Se