6C0X1 CDC Set A Essays

6C0X1 CDC Set A Essays 6C0X1 CDC Set A Paper 6C0X1 CDC Set A Paper What act simplified the procurement of any item estimated at less than $100,000 and addedthe micro-purchase threshold of $2,500? a. Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act. What agencys objective is to provide aid and counseling to small businesses? Small Business Administration. When a government contract is ambiguous, interpretation is normally construes against the government If the government official clarifies an ambiguous contract, the contractor is entitled to rely on the clarification Which is a correct statement concerning sovereign power? It is the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state isgoverned. The elements of the government;s dual capacity are proprietary and sovereign. As a general rule, what is the government;s status as a party to a contract? The government has a dual capacity;;that of a party to the contract and as a sovereign. On which type contract can the government be sued? Implied-in-fact and expressed. The government cannot be sued on a claim brought on which type contract? Implied-in-law. State law is generally not applied in federal procurement cases since state courts have no jurisdiction to decide matters of federal procurement. In the principal-agent relationship, which party acts on behalf of another party? Agent Which party is the contractor? Third Party Which party is the contractor? Express and implied. Express actual authority is created by explicit language in writing or orally from the principal to the agent. Which is characteristic of implied authority? It is necessary or incidental to carrying out the express authority. When government personnel make a mistake, the US Supreme Court has stated that rather than adopt a rule that might injure the public, it is better for an individual to occasionally suffer from the mistakes. Who is responsible for ascertaining whether government agents are acting within the bounds of their authority? The contractor. Estoppel means to restrain a person to prevent him from contradicting his own previous assertion. When selecting contracting officers (CO), what does the appointing authority consider? Complexity and dollar value of the acquisition. A contracting officer (CO) appointment must be reviewed at least every five years. Which statement is true concerning the contracting officer;s (CO) appointment or termination? In no event will the termination of a contracting officer (CO) be retroactive. What occurs when someone other than the contracting officer (CO) tries to make an agreement without the authority? Unauthorized commitment. What action may be taken for a nonratifiable commitment? Resolution by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) claim procedures. For a contract to be enforceable, its terms must be clear enough to permit the courts to interpret the duties and obligations to be performed by either party. When no time is stated, how long will an offer continue? Until the expiration of a reasonable time. An offeror;s withdrawal of an offer before acceptance is called a revocation. Which of these is an example of rejecting an offer? Proposing a counter offer. Which statement is true concerning communicating acceptance of a contract? If the time, place, and means of communication are expressed by the offeror, no other time, place, or means will constitute an acceptance. The term ;mutual assent; indicates the parties involved intend that a contract be formed. What is the name given to the exchange of promises? Consideration. What is meant by adequate consideration? The consideration in the exchange is a fair bargain. A promise to do something that one is not legally bound to do constitutes a detriment. Which individual would be considered competent to enter into a contract? A 23-year-old car salesperson. If the competency of a corporation is drawn into question, the contracting officer (CO) should call the Secretary of state where the contractor resides, does business, or is incorporated. As a general rule, a contract that violates a statute is unlawful and void and will not be enforced. Which statement most closely defines categories of contracts that are unenforceable as against public policy? Contracts that go against the common sense conscience of the community. Which position is responsible for managing the socio-economic and other public policy programs? Director of business programs. Which is not a function of the contracting superintendent? Appointment of contracting officers (CO). Why should contracting officer (CO) authority be discussed in every customer education training session? All of the above. To promote and provide for the acquisition of commercial items and to promote full and open competition to the maximum extent possible, contracting officers (CO) must perform acquisition planning and conduct market research. Which organization contains the Defense Acquisition Regulation Council (DAR Council) director? Secretary of Defense. What is meant by implementing the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)? Providing agency procedures to carry out the prescriptions in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). By whose order is the Air Force Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (AFFARS) issued? Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. In determining the action to take in a specific case requiring a contract adjustment, the Comptroller General Decisions are referred to and used as precedents. What is the definition of a classified contract? Any contract that requires, or may require, access to classified information by the contractor in the performance of the contract. The requirements of the Defense Industrial Security Program (DISP) would apply to which of the following contracts? Classified. The major determining factor in deciding if information qualifies as contractor bid or proposal information or source selection information is that it contains information that has not previously been made available to the public. Which of these is not an example of contractor bid or proposal information? Cost or technical evaluation of proposals. How is source selection information marked? Mark the cover and each page containing information ;Source Selection Information-See FAR 3.104.; Services of a type offered and sold competitively in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace for tasks performed under standard commercial terms and conditions can be considered commercial items if they are based on established catalog or market prices for specific tasks performed. For acquisitions estimated below the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), market research must be done when adequate information is not available and the circumstances justify the cost. Simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) may be used for the acquisition of commercial itemsup to a maximum of $5,000,000. What factors affect the amount of market research conducted? Urgency, complexity, estimated dollar value, and past experience. If you determine that the requirement in a purchase request meets the definition of a commercial item and the item is customarily available in the commercial marketplace, what part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) should you consult for procedures for the solicitation and award? 12 The contracting officer (CO) must always ensure the final description in a purchase request specifies needs using market research in a manner designed to do all of the following except include restrictive provisions or conditions. Who is responsible for the final description of need used in a solicitation? Contracting officer. Supplies and services identified in a purchase request must be stated in terms of functions to be performed, performance required, or essential physical characteristics. All of the following should be included in a ;brand name or equal; purchase description except a request for bid samples of brand name specified. What requirement may be used in place of ;minimum needs of the government; to get the best value for your customer and increase competition? Performance target. Unnecessarily short or difficult delivery schedules tend to restrict competition. The government may recoup some or all of its probable damages caused by delayed delivery or performance of the contractor by invoking the liquidated damages clause. FAR Subpart 4.8 establishes procedures for maintaining contract files to ensure uniformity from one activity to another. Why is this important? Ensure all documents regarding contract actions are kept in conformance with agency regulations for file location and maintenance. Which types of copies of contractual instruments can become part of the official contract file? Original, authenticated copies, and conformed copies. What type of contracting instrument would have the letter ;M; in the ninth position of the procurement instrument identification number (PIIN)? Manual purchase order. What should be done with documents that are attached to the purchase request? Review them to ensure they contain all information required for the acquisition. Which of the following may not be used to develop an independent government cost estimate? Quote developed for the customer by a commercial market vendor. Why must any special packaging, marking, or preservation requirements be included in a customer;s purchase request? So appropriate instructions and applicable provisions and clauses may be included in a solicitation. A special form of written approval by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contracting actions is known as a determination and finding. Each determination and finding shall set forth enough facts and circumstances to clearly and convincingly justify the specific determination made. The approval granted by a determination and finding is restricted to proposed contract actions described in that determination and finding. What is the first required source of services for federal agencies? JWOD participating nonprofit agencies. General Services Administration (GSA), Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and the Veterans Affairs (VA) are all examples of what type of supply source? Wholesale. One of the biggest advantages to purchasing items estimated at less than $2,500 from a Government Services Administration (GSA) contract is that the price has already been determined fair and reasonable By establishing an indefinite delivery contract, you are allowing for prepriced deliveries of items under contract. The terms and conditions of an indefinite contract delivery order are established by the terms and conditions of the basic contract. What information may be used to ensure that small business concerns are given opportunities to respond to solicitations issued using simplified acquisition procedures (SAP)? Business status information from the source list. Acquisitions estimated at what dollar amount are reserved exclusively for small business concerns? Exceeding the micro-purchase threshold, but less than the SAT. If the contracting officer receives only one acceptable offer from a responsible small business concern in response to a small business set-aside, what action should the contracting officer take? Award to the responding small business. If the contracting officer suspects, or has information to indicate, that the price received from a contractor on a micro-purchase may not be reasonable, the contracting officer should take actions to verify price reasonableness. For purchases exceeding the micro-purchase threshold, but not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), what procedures may the contracting officer elect to use? SAP, sealed bidding, or negotiations. When must contracting officers use the government-wide point of entry (GPE) to solicit? When soliciting purchases exceeding $25,000. When a synopsis is not required, how is the requirement competed? Solicitation of at least three sources. Streamlined synopsis/solicitation procedures may be used for acquisition of commercial items using a written solicitation. The contracting officer may establish a response time of less than 30 days when issuing a synopsis/solicitation for items not expected to exceed the SAT. Public law requires that contracts for the acquisition of commercial items shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include only those clauses required to implement provisions of law or executive orders, or those clauses determined to be consistent with customary commercial practice. Because of the broad range of items acquired by the government, the variations in commercial practices, and the relative volume of the government;s acquisition in specific markets, contracting officers may tailor provisions to adapt to the market conditions for each acquisition. How is tailoring accomplished? By addenda to the solicitation and contract. If only one reply is received in response to a solicitation estimated at less than the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), what action must the contracting officer take before making the award? Include a statement in the contract file giving the basis of the determination of fair and reasonable price. What may be used in lieu of obtaining individual quotations each time a purchase for the same item is contemplated? Standing price quotation. When, in response to a solicitation for commercial items, a contractor proposes more than one product that will meet a government need, the contracting officer shall evaluate each product as a separate offer. It is not necessary to describe the relative importance of evaluation factors when using simplified acquisition procedures (SAP) of FAR Part 13. If the government issues an order resulting from a quotation, when may the government withdraw, amend, or cancel its offer? At any time before acceptance occurs. ; If a contractor has been excluded from government contracting for a reasonable, specified period of time because of conviction on a criminal offense in connection with obtaining a public contract, that contractor is considered to be debarred. What action should be taken if legal proceedings are not initiated within 12 months after the date of a suspension notice? Terminate the suspension. Micro-purchase is acquisition of supplies and services with a total amount that does not exceed $2,500. You do not need advanced authorization when using the government-wide purchase card (GPC) to purchase basketballs for the base gym. When a government purchase card (GPC) is used as a payment method, who performs the purchase, acceptance, and payment? Cardholder and immediate supervisor or above. When you are making a purchase using the Standard Form 44, Purchase Order;Invoice Voucher (Storage Safeguard Form), all of the following conditions must be satisfied except wartime conditions are present. Responsibility for exercising direction, control, and oversight of purchases using imprest funds rests with the base contracting officer. To the maximum extent possible, purchase orders for commercial items should include only those clauses required to implement provisions of law, or executive order, and those clauses that are determined to be consistent with prevailing commercial practice. Which clause must be included in an unpriced purchase order? Notice to Supplier. Under a blanket purchase agreement, the government is obligated for authorized purchases only. The contracting officer shall ensure that each blanket purchase agreement is reviewed at least annually. It is not mandatory for all blanket purchase agreements to contain an approved price list with specific items. How many days written notice must a contractor give to the government to cancel a blanket purchasing agreement? 30 days. Under fast payment procedures, payment is made before verifying receipt and acceptance but after invoicing. The government can exercise its right to the option period during the current performance period. Options are evaluated by adding the total price for all options to the total price for the basic requirement. What types of contracts are authorized for the acquisition of commercial items? Firm-fixed-price and fixed price contracts with EPA. Which is not an accepted price adjustment type used with a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment? Price averaging. Which type of contract should be used to procure precious metals? fixed-price with economic price adjustment. The contract price of a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment may be revised a. downward only based on negotiations. upward and downward within the limitations of the clause. A definite-quantity contract may be used when it can be determined in advance that a definite quantity of supplies or services will be required during the contract period and the supplies or services are regularly available or will be available after a short-lead time. When the government cannot predetermine (within stated limits) the precise quantities of supplies or services that will be required during the contract period, the contracting officer would use aindefinite-quantity contract. indefinite-quantity contract. When an indefinite-quantity type contract is being used, performance or deliveries are scheduled by placing an order with the contractor. The contract must clearly define the requirements for the contractor;s control of quality for the supplies or services to be acquired; however, no contract may preclude the government from performing inspections. Unless specifically reserved, responsibility for performing all inspections and tests as required by the contract rests with the contractor. If supplies or services are rejected as nonconforming, notices of rejection shall be promptly furnished to the contractor and will include reasons for rejection. Ordinarily, what option is given to the contractor because of a notice of rejection for nonconformance? Correct or replace any nonconforming supplies at no additional cost to the government. Why are contractors required to mark supplies, or otherwise furnish notice with the supplies, of the existence of the warranty? Inform government personnel who store, stock or use the supplies. The implied warranty of merchantability provides that an item is reasonably fit for the ordinary purposes for which such items are used. The Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA) requires that contracting officers take advantage of commercial warranties offered to the maximum extent practicable. The principle purpose of a warranty is to delineate the rights and obligations of the contractor and the government for defective items and services and to foster quality performance. A contract action that changes or alters the agreement between the parties of a contract is called a modification. Who has the authority to execute contract modifications on behalf of the government? Contracting officers acting within the scope of their authority. Requests for follow-up should be generated by the requesting activity when the supplies or services have not been received by 1300 hours of the sixth day following the scheduled delivery date. When a contractor has failed to make delivery or cure a delinquency, and has not justified the delay, the contracting officer should take appropriate action to cancel or terminate the order if in the government;s best interest. Which one is not considered an administrative error? Obvious errors in the unit price. If the contractor has yet to deliver or begin performance on an order and you need to make a change not affecting cost of the item or delivery, to what type of agreement should you attempt to have the contractor agree? No cost change to the contract without modification. The two types of contract modifications are unilateral and bilateral. Unilateral modifications are allowed for no cost amended shipping instructions to a unilateral purchase order and for any change made before work begins if the change is within the scope of the original order. Which action should a contracting officer take to accomplish an administrative change? unilateral modification. A contractor has notified the contracting officer of the intent not to accept a unilateral purchase order. In this situation, the contracting officer must proceed with cancellation of the order. The termination of acquisitions of commercial items is covered in Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part 12, with FAR Part 49 as guidance. The contractor shall be liable to the government for all rights and remedies provided by law if the contract was terminated for cause. Under the Contract Terms and Conditions-Commercial Items clause, the contractor is required to notify the contracting officer of an excusable delay as soon as possible after commencement of an excusable delay. A cure notice notifies the contractor of a specific condition that the government considers to be endangering performance of the contract. When termination is for the government;s convenience, what may a contractor use to demonstrate charges resulting from the termination for which the contractor is entitled to be paid? Records from the contractor;s standard record keeping system. When does the government have the right to terminate a contract for default after issuing a cure notice and the contractor has not corrected the failure? 10 days after receipt of the cure notice. Instead of terminating for default, the contracting officer has several options. This does not include Instead of terminating for default, the contracting officer has several options. This does not include The contracting officer has grounds to terminate a contractor for default when there is an actual failure or fails to progress to perform contractual obligations. When supplies or services are still required after termination for default, the contracting officer should repurchase the same or similar supplies or services against the contractor;s account as soon as possible. Contract files using simplified acquisition procedures are considered closed when the contracting officer receives evidence of receipt of property and final payment. Data transfer, storage, and retrieval procedures must record and reproduce the original document completely, accurately, and clearly. In addition, the procedures must protect the original data from alteration.

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essays - Free Essays

Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Essays - Free Essays Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Of The North Coast Ancient Peruvian Ceramics of the North Coast March 11, 1997 The first pottery pieces found in Peru were made somewhere between 1500 and 1000 b.p. The pieces were found in the central Andean region where a religious cult lived. This cult was called Chavn, after the best known ceremonial center, Chavn de Huntar. The religious center was the home to massive temples that were highly embellished with low relief sculptures of gods, animals, and symbols. The pottery found in the area where vessels that were well made and highly decorated with a similar motif as the temples. But the evolution of Peruvian pottery becomes somewhat confusing and complex after this first civilization of potters. There is a division of people into the North Coast and the South Coast. The split created two styles of pottery, although similar, they never quite merge. I am only going to talk about the north coast traditions. On the North coast there are five cultures that evolve into the dominant Mochica style, which was one of the most vigorous and prosperous cultures of Ancient Peru. The next earliest North Coast style, other than the Chavn, started with the Cupisnique people in the Chicama valley. Their ceramics closely resembled those of highland Chavn. They were well made and polished, though somewhat thick walled and heavy. The type of firing used produced a dark semireduced ware that varied from brownish gray to carbon black in color. Decoration consisted of bold, curvilinear human, feline, and birds of pray heads, eye patterns, pelt markings, and other brief symbols of geometric devices. In the valley to the south of the Cupisnique were the Salinar people who sometime during the fifth century b.p. moved into the north coast of Peru and spread its influence throughout the Cupisnique area. Salinar pottery, though deceptively primitive in ornamentation, was technologically superior to that of the Cupisnique. Vessels were made of well-prepared clays that were fully oxidized in firing, making them an even orange color. Cream and red slips were used to accentuate sculptural forms and create flat geometric patterns, but not to draw figurative motifs. The technical advances of the controlled oxidation firing and slip decoration soon had their effect on contemporary Cupisnique ceramics. Personally, I enjoyed the bottle forms they used with their double strap handles that lead from the shoulder of the forms to the one central spout. (see figures 1 and 2). This style of vessel seems to continue throughout the centuries. Three other cultures in north coast valleys contributed their pottery style to the over all Cusisnique style that was evolving into the Mochica style. These people were the Gallinazo, Recuay, and Vics. The Gallinazo constructed double chamber vessels with whistle spouts and a type of decoration called negative decoration where they painted their simple designs on after the pieces were fired. The Recuay also had double chamber vessels but these had one functioning spout and one sculpted, usually an animal or figure. They also used negative decoration but theirs were much more elaborate designs than the Gallinazo vessels. The Vics lived in the highlands on the Ecuadorian border. They made very sculptural vessels with a stirrup handle and central spout. (see figures 3, 4, and 5) Although a hand full of Vics artifacts have been found, not much is known about these people, but one can see a visible connection between all of these different cultures and the Mochica style that evolved out o f them. The Mochica civilization flourished for nearly 1000 years and as time passed slight changes in the style could be seen and are chronologically separated into Mochica I-V. The first two are formative phases with lots of experimentation. The third concentrated on a distinctive art style, which continued through the forth and gradually declined in the fifth. They expressed many aspects of their culture and daily life in their ceramics. Things like warriors, runners (people who run bags of beans were important to the ceremonial life), portraits, religion, gods, and animals were shown on vessels. Mochica I was a strong continuation of the late Cupisnique sculptural style. The forms are compact with little suggestion of action, and details are often rendered in incised lines. Faces

Sustainable Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Target Market Samsung Electronics has strategized its market offerings through the defining of a new target base comprising of fashionable, trendy and high class consumers. Prior to such the company mainly focused on creation of value products that would help the consumer gain better quality at affordable prices. However the gaining of a new target base has enabled the company to focus on the production of fashionable and premium products in order to meet their enhanced desires. Samsung Electronics eyes the new consumer base as fashionable and filled with curiosity and a sense of adventure to try the new (Rowley & Paik, 2009, p.63). General Strategy The general strategy of Samsung Electronics and that of the Samsung Group in total mainly centres around three parameters. Firstly the company management focuses on rendering high class innovation in its products and thereby empowering the internal people to work on the same. Secondly the company also works to incorporate large scale dive rsification in regards to both its products and business sectors. Thirdly the company through empowering individuals helps them to identify and go for newer opportunities and thus to develop both professionally and personally (Samsung-a, 2010). Triple Bottom Line Goals Profits Today most of the companies are practising the sustainability measures to gain a competitive advantage. Samsung Electronics by making a mark in the sustainable factor can create a competitive advantage. Developing environmentally products and improve customer satisfaction would eventually lead to profit as consumers are also demanding products which are environmental friendly. The company can also maximise the corporate value by sound economic activities and enhance profit for the organisation. People The company needs to educate the consumers in regards to the production of premium gadgets incorporating high end technology. Awareness created amongst the people through print and visual advertisements helps in enhancing their desire to procure high end products. Samsung Electronics should also work to engage the supplier groups and employees to render products to the consumers that would be reliable and innovative to suit their quality needs. Samsung Electronics can also work in the development of electronic schools and training centres to help attract young and innovative minds in their operations. Planet Samsung Electronics in its endeavour to enhance the dimension of reliability and quality is also required to work on the dimension of carbon footprint. The carbon footprint would help the company track the amount of carbon usage in regards to the company’s and it’s supply chain groups’ operations. This method would help the company reduce the amount of carbon usage and emission and thus promote a greener environment. Further the company also needs to enhance the use of recyclable materials in its production of gadgets to help enhance its accountability to nature. St akeholder Analysis

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 181

Assignment Example It explains how consumers will behave as a result of change in prices (Frank, 2007 pg 66). Therefore, the compensated demand curve shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity purchased assuming that other prices and utility are held constant. It answers the how utility will change as a result of a change in relative prices of that specific food. In case of an inferior good, customer maximizes utility at point a. However, the prices of good x falls to Px0 making the budget line to rotate. As a result, a point b is formed when the budget line meets the indifference curve. This is known as the price effect. To attain a new equilibrium, M is reduced to M* where a new equilibrium bundle is formed. Therefore, substitution effect is the change of good X from point a to b. The income effect shows that as the income increases,the quantity of good X desired reduces from c to b. For a normal good, income elasticity of demand is positive. On the other hand, elasticity of demand for an inferior good is negative (Frank, 2007 pg 149). This therefore clearly indicates that for a normal good, increase in prices leads to decrease in demand whereas an increase in prices leads to increase in demand for an inferior good. Therefore, normal good are more elastic than inferior

Summary of article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of - Article Example A rather shortsighted tendency exists where clubs look at the contracts as an easy source of revenue while clubs also go into the contracts as a tactic for marketing communication. The objective from both parties ought to be building relationships, acquisition and development of resources and strategy for networking. But many corporates as well as clubs have continued to view the sponsorship contracts as short-term hence failing to strategically evaluate the kind of contracts they go into. Corporates in most cases have tendencies of hurrying into contracts with clubs without proper negotiations, hence failing develop and manage the relationships. There is therefore a need to proactively monitor the contracts on the side of sponsors especially, negotiate properly, enter the contracts for reasons more than just communication, make rational decisions on the same and ultimately enter into relationships that add value. With growth in value of sponsorship programs not being questionable organizations must think broadly and consider the contracts as strategy, networking and relationship building avenues. There is a need to leave the short-term perspective of the transactions and embrace a long-term value approach in signing the sponsorship

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder No! This two-letter word isnt as small and irrelevant as you may like to think. Frequently saying no, especially for a child or adolescent, could be a sign of ODD or Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Of course, saying no is normal when expressing a negative view or a dissenting opinion, but if your child is often defiant, it may be cause for concern. How often is often? Melanie Haiken of Health Day has an interesting answer/analogy. She said, For most children, episodes of oppositional behavior are like the raisins in the oatmeal cookie-undeniably present, but not the main event. For a child with ODD, there are so many raisins that its hard to see the cookie. This implies that saying no or exhibiting defiance for a child with ODD happens so often that the true personality of the child is masked. This isnt normal or the standard in a child of a certain age or developmental level. If the defiance is a sign of ODD, your child is at a disadvantage. Untreated, the condition can get worse, contributing to their difficulty in interacting with people in any setting. The Normal Defiant Child Not every defiant child has ODD. According to the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, All children are oppositional from time to time, particularly when tired, hungry, stressed or upset. They may argue, talk back, disobey, and defy parents, teachers, and other adults. Oppositional behavior is often a normal part of development for two to three year olds and early adolescents. The criteria used by professionals to indicate ODD are also typical for any child having a bad day, or going through a phase when they become independent or develop a keener sense of individuality. The difference is in the frequency and intensity of the behavior. Frequent and openly obstinate and argumentative behavior can be a sign of ODD. These behaviors need attention if they happen often, if the manifestations are severe, or if the behavior violates social norms or the rights and safety of other people. The ODD Child A child with ODD manifests a pattern of irritable, angry, and argumentative behavior. They will refuse to follow rules, argue with people in authority, and be resentful of their siblings or peers. They will also deliberately annoy others or make them angry. The condition is defined by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry as an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that seriously interferes with the youngsters day to day functioning. Generally, the symptoms are exhibited in places where the child is most comfortable, such as at home. Some children may also exhibit their defiant behavior at school, so it is advisable that you stay in the loop by communicating with teachers. To find out whether the defiant behavior that your child exhibits is a symptom of ODD, get your child evaluated by a therapist. Some noteworthy symptoms are: Arguing excessively with adults Frequent temper tantrums Active defiance Refusing to comply with requests or follow rules Deliberately attempting to annoy or upset people Blaming others for misbehavior and mistakes Being touchy or easily annoyed by others Seeking revenge If your child is defiant, working with a therapist is recommended, because defiance isnt only a feature of ODD-it can also be a symptom of other emotional conditions, such as depression and bipolar disorder. If your child has ODD, they can also be vulnerable to developing ADHD or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as other learning difficulties. Beating ODD Before It Ruins Your Childs Chances ODD has a pretty high occurrence among children and adolescents, but its causes have not been clearly established, and helping your child manage it could be difficult. This is a good reason to seek help from a capable therapist contracted with Carolina Counseling Services in Pittsboro, NC. Uncontrolled ODD not only makes your child vulnerable to many other emotional conditions and relationship-disrupting and life-disturbing behaviors, but can also lead to conduct disorder over time and ruin their chances for a quality life beyond childhood. With early treatment, the outlook for ODD is good. Mild ODD often improves as the child grows older. Your life as a family may also be turned upside down by your child with ODD, who may be argumentative and difficult to discipline. Your usual parenting style may not work on a defiant child. A therapist can empower you as a parent to encourage your child to be more agreeable, cooperative, and obedient. Rather than engage in unproductive and exhausting power struggles, seek help from an experienced therapist independently contracted with Carolina Counseling Services in Pittsboro, NC. Call now to make the first appointment!

Author Thomas Hardy and Educational Reform :: Biography Biographies Essays

Author Thomas Hardy and Educational Reform Britain did not establish a national system of education until the year 1870. Until this time, education for the masses was not centralized, but separated by class. Local authorities, philanthropists, and religiously affiliated societies usually provided education for the poor. Meanwhile, middle-class and upper-class children were either sent to public schools or home-tutored. Not until the year 1862 and the formation of the New Castle Commission would education start to become more standardized, though slowly. The reformists argued the necessity of teaching rudimentary skills in basic subjects, especially to the working class. Education at home became less common, and women were no longer taught only domesticity, but academic studies as well. Despite all of these advances, it was not until the year 1870, when the Elementary Education Act was passed, that education became standardized in England. Not only was a secular national system set up but, by the year 1880, school attendance had be come obligatory for anyone under the age of ten. Affluent children attended denominational and public schools, while less affluent children attended England's national schools. By the end of the century attention was then shifted to secondary education. The majority of Thomas Hardy's education took place prior to any attempt at standardization, and therefore, the brunt of this responsibility fell upon his mother and acquaintances he made as a small boy and young man. In the fall of 1848, at the age of eight, Hardy entered his first school at the Stinsford Parish, where he learned mathematics and geography. It was run by the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Establi shed Church. Hardy's mother, as always, was concerned with and had more ambitious plans for Hardy's education and supplemented his readings. She withdrew Hardy from the conformist school, and in 1850, she enrolled him at a school in Dorchester, run by the noncon formist British and Foreign School Society under the respectable headmaster, Isaac Last. At Last s school, Hardy learned Latin and mathematics. At the age of 15, he began learning French as well, and in 1856, at the age of 16, Hardy became an apprentice to John Hicks, an architect in Dorchester. During his apprenticeship, Hardy became friends with Horace Moule, who served Hardy as an unofficial tutor, and influenced his reading. In April of 1862, at age 22, Hardy decided to move to London, and with the help of a family friend, John Norton, got a job as an architect with Arthur Bloomfield.

Brideshead Revisited

A twitch upon the thread-each of us sometimes feels being tied to some kind of thread, invisible one and there is someone on the other end of it who twitches this thread when it’s necessary.The thing is how far each of us can go away to feel it or how far God can permit us go away wondering before twitching it. God sees everything and never will leave someone who need his help, who tries to preserve something really valid in his soul, just the thread can be of different length. In â€Å"Brideshead Revisited† by Evelyn Waugh the idea of the â€Å"thread† is rather good highlighted . The story affects a misleading attitude of indifference, which neither condemn nor sanction any conduct or behavior that takes place.The fond of the novel is religious. The plot is a nostalgic story based on the memories of the main characters who had been a wealthy English Catholic family. In England where most people are Protestant, being Catholic makes the family despite their owner ship and high social status, a subject of prejudice.But in the world of English upper-class, in this world itself   a lot of sins and defects can be seen. The life of wealthy students in Oxford is full of self-indulgence and irresponsibility. Here, Charles Ryder first meets Sebastian Flyte who searches for happiness and self in this world but he can’t find it.   So, he tries to escape in alcohol and denial of faith.The novel â€Å"Brideshead Revisited† is the moral story which shows us what usually happens when the material things of the world loose their attractiveness and sense, when one, finally, has to take a look inside his soul and seeing nothing there becomes struck and scared. In such situation it’s hard to preserve one’s spiritual values and frequently a   person can’t find the way out.That’s what is happening with Sebastian. The God permits one to go far away from him, even to escape, to hide himself somewhere but the tread b etween him and the individual could be still very long. It can be so long as God   wants.The unique person who can cut it is the person itself. The individual can cut this thread by his total indifference ,by absence of his proper desire to correct, to change something in his life. But still one continues looking at his soul searching for something better there, this thread will be permanent and our task is to be aware of this twitching when we loose control.During his first visit to Marchmain family’s residence, Charles Ryder is struck by the moral tragedy of a family –with their desire to appear traditional and socially accepted in the â€Å"correct† circle.Lady Marchmain commands abidance to Catholicism among four   very different children. She controls over her children using her charm, piety and the religious doctrine which is unquestionable for her. The elder son, Brideshaed is pious and conservative and narrow-minded. Julia is a contemporary woman, sm art and very beautiful. She is portrayed as a complex young woman who must reject her faith to marry. She eventually finds herself disappointed with her choice of a husband and is left wondering how life could be so bad.Cordelia is the youngest of the Marchmain children. She is too young and devout of faith to fully understand her brother’s dilemma. Cordelia also seems too young to be aware of her mother’s need to control, but after Lady Marchmain dies, Cordelia confides to Charles that her mother was saintly but she wasn’t a saint and when people wanted to hate God, they hated her mother. There is a resigned acceptance at her inability to love her mother and of the lapse of faith of her father, sister and beloved brother. In this case it can be seen perfectly well how the beauty and charm of upper-class life can destroy relationship, the life of a family.Charles, the upper-middleclass Oxford student sees that there is more to Oxford life than mere study. He lik es the upper-class and, naturally, he wants to be part of it. He likes its charm and splendor but at the same time he sees a great hole in Sebastian’s soul when he meets him.The author gives us the description of the eventual downfall of the youngest son Sebastian, whose burden is to confront his disillusionment with his faith, with his morally incorruptible mother. Sebastian is a lonely soul, he uses his religion as a toy and all the time feels the strange conflict in his soul. Charles and Sebastian became inseparable and lived life at Oxford to the full, but Charles realized that Sebastian drank not because of an excess of high spirits or enjoy but to escape. He looks for love but struggles with homosexuality.He has no truly romantic relationships with either a man or a woman until Charles arrives. Charles isn’t homosexual but he can see Sebastian’s tragedy. Sebastian’s deep depression and inner battle to reconcile his beliefs with his mother’s e xpectations of him are exemplified by the conversation between two young men in the colonnade with the papers. Sebastian couldn’t find true solace in his relationship with Charles because he perceived that Charles couldn’t understand the gravity of his dilemma, despite their mutual love.Waugh portrays Charles as a irreligious person and this makes Sebastian’s dilemma deeper. The chasm between unaffected by religion and the need to be devout of faith is too wide to be bridged for these two young men. Sebastian escapes but he escapes from himself, he can’t find something that would calm him though he has everything.   His inner desire for God , for real love doesn’t permit him to dissolve completely in the world of false feelings. And that is that so-called thread of God , unseen hook that he can twitch when someone escapes too far.The thing is not each of us pays attention to this kind of control. We are sure that we are all right and everything w e are doing is perfect and correct   and ,frequently, people go on doing what is correct to their opinion making this thread longer and longer. In the novel by Evelyn Waugh it can be seen very well.Julia agonises over her marriage to a colonial who doesn’t understand the devotion to the church which he consider to encourage the perpetuation of guilt for its own purposes. But finally she is disappointed like her brother Sebastian.With all of these examples Waugh tries to explain that whatever   we do, it can’t avoid the evaluation of God. No one can break the link communicating his soul with God and leave in this way without problems. God won’t let them go too far..These words are emblematic of all this novel. Among thousands of problems and troubles, among millions of different   people exist also the treads of God and if somebody has preserved in his soul the inward desire to God and his call to us in Christ and His Church, so God will catch him â€Å"wi th an unseen hook and a invisible line which is long enough to let him wander to ends of the world and still to bring him back with a twitch upon the thread†.1It’s hard to speak about approval of one of the character’s conduct. Sebastian was too young to admit his mother’s doctrines without protest , his mother was too devoted to faith and didn’t pay much attention to her children feelings and deathbed conversion also isn’t too good way to express one’s point of view. It’s necessary to express everything during its life and this life must be lived according to the law of God without paying much attention if you are a Catholic or a Protestant. Threads of God are equal for everybody.1.Evelin Waugh, Brideshead Revisited(Paperback,1999), p.189Bibliography1. Evelin Waugh, Brideshead Revisited(Paperback,1999).

Students Using Electronics in Class Essays

Students Using Electronics in Class Essays Students Using Electronics in Class Essay Students Using Electronics in Class Essay in the classroom for strictly learning purposes only. Along with the program comes many trials and tribulations. The â€Å"B. Y. O. D† program may stick to the everyday lives of high school students, or it may not. Through out the course of the article, the author did a phenomenal job of supporting her ideas. She not only went into great depth of the pilot program, but she also used a variety of quotes and facts from local high school staff and students. The article helped inform readers of the program and to help them better understand it. At the same time the columnist seemed to be rather reasonable. She viewed the subject on both ends of the spectrum and gave various details of the program to show readers what it was truly about. There were not traces of her being bias towards the topic of discussion. She played a middle role and simply gave the facts. I found the article informative and it helped me better understand the pilot program and what it is trying to achieve with high school students. Loy 2 While reading the article, I did not notice any attacks on others, or any overgeneralizations. The author was very cautious of saying any negative words towards the schools program and kept her words to herself. The style and tone of the article are what made the it informative and professional. I disagree with the contents of the article for numerous reasons. One being the fact that not every student can be trusted to be using his or hers smart phones, tablets or laptops for strictly school related reasons. With me being a teenager, I know how teens work. It may seem like we are using our technology for learning purposes, but in all reality, we have facebook or twitter hiding in the task bar away from teachers view. Other applications on the smart phones such as games, music, and social networking sites can grasp the attention of teens more than it should. With all these distractions, learning is nearly impossible. On the other hand, not all families can afford to provide their kids with the latest technologies to use in class. Using the devices can give the students who have them an upper hand and an unfair advantage. While other students are using their Iphones or Ipads, how will the less fortunate students feel? Not only will they feel envious, but they may be urged to steal from the students who do have these possessions. With being able to have their phones out during class hours, students may begin to take advantage and abuse this privilege. Teens will begin to use electronic devices when not permitted and think it is okay. Using cell phones and such technologies will also tempt students to cheat. Since teachers can not watch all students at once, it will be hard to keep a close watch and monitor what each student is doing. The information is all there Loy 3 on the internet, so why not use it? Cell phones allow students to cheat fairly easy. Another conflict in allowing students to use cell phones during class times is the fact that it helps spread rumors more quickly. If everyone had access to a cell phone when they heard a new rumor, they would send it to a friend and that friend would send it to another and so on. Inappropriate photos taken in the locker rooms of gym class or in restrooms have also became problems at local high schools. Nude photos have been circuited though multiple people which can cause a serious of lawsuits or possibly even jail time. Drug deals and other improper behavior may also be a dilemma. Over time it could begin to be rather costly to provide the electronic evices for students to borrow. Not only will it become expensive, but students could also be tempted once again to steal the schools devices since they do not own one themselves. Although the school districts and faculty find this â€Å"B. Y. O. D† program and success, there are many downfalls to it. The pilot program does nothing but encourage students to take the easy way out by using the internet to do their work for them. It makes students become lazy a nd rely more on the internet to do their work for them than to use the knowledge they have. Teens become disrespectful to teachers while they are trying to by sitting in the back of the room tweeting or face booking. Not all students will abuse the privilege, but the ones that do ruin it for the rest. This program could cause an array of complications that simply could be avoided with out it. Reicosky, Lisa. Schools Embracing, Not Banning Electronic Devices. Http://www. cantonrep. com. Canton Repository, 15 Apr. 2012. Web. . 15 Sept. 2012 Lynne, Beth. Fair Cell Phone Use in Schools: Pros and Cons of Cell Phones in School | Suite101. com. Suite101. com. 11 Mar. 2007. Web. .

How far does Mary Shelley portray Frankensteins creation as human Essays

How far does Mary Shelley portray Frankensteins creation as human Essays How far does Mary Shelley portray Frankensteins creation as human Essay How far does Mary Shelley portray Frankensteins creation as human Essay Essay Topic: Frankenstein Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley in 1831 when she was only eighteen. Frankenstein is a gothic horror story and was written to entertain and scare the readers of the time. People in the 1800s were very religious, they believed in heaven and hell and more importantly angels and demons. Frankenstein concentrates on the making of man, and gives reason to believe that human beings can be created through scientific experiments. This was thought to be blasphemy in the 1800s, as it is playing the role of God, which was ethically wrong. However, in todays society, such a scientific experiment would make people curious and people would probably encourage the idea of scientists creating human life. The novel is written in the form of letters from an explorer named Captain Walton (who is on a voyage in the North Pacific Ocean, hoping to discover unfound land) to his sister.A scientist named Victor Frankenstein originally wanted to create a human life form, because he was grieving from th e tragic and shocking death of his mother, who died from giving birth to Frankensteins younger brother William. However, whilst studying at a university in Ingolstadt, Germany Frankensteins reasons for creating life changed and he then wanted to create life to prove his teachers wrong (as they thought and believed that it would be impossible as well as insensitive/crude to create a human being.)Victor Frankensteins creation was constructed on A dreary night of November, where The rain pattered dismally against the panes and my candle was nearly burnt out. This gives the reader an image of a stormy rain drenched night with Frankenstein working alone in an enclosed laboratory where no one could see or hear him. It gives a feeling that is almost frightening and we now know that something horrific and tragic was about to happen. The feeling of euphoria that Frankenstein had envisaged about creating a human being was about to be shattered. He even describes it as a catastrophe. We know t hat Frankensteins original plan was to create human life, however once the monster had been created, this idea suddenly changed and the reality of this catastrophe struck Frankenstein,The beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. This shows that at the very beginning of the experiment, Frankenstein had a perfect image of what was about to be made, although because Frankenstein had not thought his plans through thoroughly, his dreams were shattered, and he describes his final creation as a Demon. This gives reference to the bible as it is a biblical term so Mary Shelley has constructed the narrative in order to; first portray the creation from Frankensteins perspective. This influences the readers perception of the creation, because the narrative is biased and the reader can only judge on Frankensteins point of view, therefore the creation appears as inhuman.Once the demon has been created, it runs away, because it is probably just as scared as Frankenstein. The doctor instantly assumes it will die, as it does not understand how to survive on its own. However, after the murder of Frankensteins younger brother William, he realises that he has underestimated the creation, and agrees to meet the in the Alps. It is here that the reader is offered the creations point of view. The says I expected this reception. This shows the reader that the demon is now thinking like a human and has human feelings; this portrays the monster as human. However, we have to remember that the creation has also murdered William and framed an innocent named Justine for the murder. Although this is morally wrong it is also human behaviour.The creation then goes on to explain how it developed and educated itself after running away from Ingolstadt. The reader now knows that the creation was born with human instincts which developed into knowledge and understanding of human nature. I had covered myself with some clothes I found a fireand was overcome wi th the warmth I experienced from it, this suggests that the creation was acting like a human being, fulfilling his human needs to survive.We later learn that the creations attitude changes my feelings are those of rage and revenge. I could with pleasure have destroyed the cottage and its inhabitants, and have glutted myself with their shrieks and misery. The creature describes his rage and then goes on to express his feelings by setting fire to the cottage in the woods and razing it to the ground. Furthermore, the monster seeks revenge on Frankenstein by murdering the doctors younger brother and framing it on Justine. This influences the readers opinion, because the reader realises that the creation has feelings, and he feels neglected by a family that he has begun to love. He blames Frankenstein for abandoning him and so, seeks revenge by performing horrific acts, and the creation now appears as inhuman and a monster, because he is no longer gentle and kind.The creation demands tha t Frankenstein makes him a female companion. He observed and learnt how much the family in the woods loved and cared for each other. He therefore feels unloved and rejected by everyone everyone when this same family also neglect him. The creation is full of contradictions here, he wants to love someone and be loved in return, by this the reader pities the creation, although we later learn that he murders the innocent and this cannot be accepted.At first, Frankenstein agrees to construct a companion, but then hoes back on his word. The monster then proceeds to murder Frankensteins wife and more than sister, Elizabeth. The doctor travels through the Alps searching for the demon, and on his travels he comes across Captain Waltons Ship, where he later dies. However, the monster also finds Captain Walton. The Captain is also shocked when the creation first approaches him; Wretch puts emphasis on how ugly and inhuman the monster must be.The creation attempts to justify his actions to Walt er in the final chapter:- The fallen angel becomes a malignant devil, this tells us that the creation was trying to be good by learning from other peoples actions, however when he was neglected by the family in the woods he felt like he had nobody to turn to for love and affection, and nobody taught him how to deal with his emotions, therefore he turns into a monster.Mary Shelley gives the creation a lot of human characteristics, therefore making him human. However, the creation has not learnt how to cope with his emotions, so he murders people to get revenge on Frankenstein; I think this makes the monster appear as mainly inhuman, because such actions cannot be justified and only a monster would take another persons life. The creation then claims that he will leave and kill himself so the whole situation can come to an end. Mary Shelley uses this ending, because it is dramatic and she wants it to end in a catastrophe, also maybe killing the monster is the only way that the story ca n end.

Effects of 2008 Global Crisis on Gulf Region Research Paper

Effects of 2008 Global Crisis on Gulf Region - Research Paper Example A real decline in the demand for bank credit contraction and goods was also triggered by the financial crisis. The prices for raw materials have drastically fell, especially oil prices that within a few months had lost more than two-thirds of their initial value. As an aftermath to the oil prices speculation, in the last three months of the year 2008, the rates decreased to less than 40 dollars a barrel, after having risen at the beginning of the year from 90 dollars to 148 dollars a barrel (Claessens, Kose, Laeven & Valencia, 2013).The Golf real estate market has heavily been impacted by the global economic crisis causing considerable decline in real estate rents and capital value. The price of average residential sales, in Dubai fell by 42 percent since the last quarter of 2008, while rental residential rates dropped on an average of 20-40 percent. The impact of the crisis in Abu Dhabi was less acute as the decline in residential real estate value was estimated to be around 20 perc ent. Rentals for new constructed office space in Qatar decreased by 10-15 percent during the 2008 first quarter. Due to the greater uncertainty over the future and lack of funding residential real estate, sales have collapsed (Hvidt, 2013).It will therefore be hard for many countries in the area to continue with their initial planned or initiated ambitious development programs that were planned in the last five years of prosperity. In order to avoid current account deficits or budget deficits, most governments in the region.

Read a case and reflect on it Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read a case and reflect on it - Research Paper Example The court did not find any of the parties enjoined in the case liable for the events that occurred. More so, the appellate court affirmed the verdict of the lower court; the court maintained that the lower court was right to vindicate the bar from taking responsibility of the drunk driver’s actions. According to the appellate court, the trial court did not err in withholding that there is no coverage under the Commercial General Liability section in Mid-Continents policies. It also upheld the lower court’s ruling that Lucky’s did not in any way endanger the life of the driver, the victim, or its employees; hence Lucky’s Grille & Billiards had no obligation to cater for the mover’s claims. The court ruled that Lucky’s Grille & Billiards’ insurer, Mid-Continent Insurance Company, did not have to foot the plaintiff’s bills because he complainant failed to put Lucky’s in charge of the situation. Despite the fact that the accident occurred in the bar’s packing lot, there is no evidence linking the bar to the accident. The appellant’s claims that Doty left the bar intoxicated, and hence unfit to drive, could not be proven since employees at Lucky’s could not confirm the same. The fact that the bar could not be linked to the incident means that its insurer was also not party to the claims. In addition, even if the plaintiff proved that the bar was responsible, Mid-Continent would be absolved of any claims since its insurance policies do not cater for customers after leaving the bar. The courts were, therefore, right in their