Schizophrenia Essay -- essays research papers

     Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and oft disabling brain disease. While the term Schizophrenia literally means, "split mind," it should not be confused with a "split," or multiple, personality. It is more accurately described as a psychosis -- a type of malady that causes severe mental disturbances that disrupt normal thought, speech, and behavior. The first signs of schizophrenic disorder usually appear as shocking or radical changes in behavior. Others may have severe psychotic symptoms listed above. But many people in any case show "negative" symptoms, such as decreased emotional arousal, mental activity, and inability to socialize. Schizophrenics often report a sense of strangeness and confusion more or less the source of their sensations. They feel great l unmatchableliness, anxiety, and an overwhelming sense of being disconnected from others. A schizophrenic person may think and communicate incoherently, jumping from one idea mixing a "word salad" of new words or jumbled phrases. It is common for schizophrenics to be suspicious and resentful. They may sense that      their thoughts are stolen, deal out aloud, Or replaced by new information from strangers seeking to control their behavior. They may describe voices that speak directly to them or criticize their behavior Schizophrenia often appears earlier in men -when they are in their late teens to early adulthood - and in women in their 20s and early 30s, but the disease affects men and women with live frequency. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 2.2 million Ameri give the gate adults or about 1. 1 % of the population age 18 and older in a given year have schizophrenia. Some people experience only a single episode and remain symptom-free afterward. More commonly, however, the course of illness fluctuates over several decades, with each recurrence leading to increasing impairment.  & nbsp   Experts dont know what causes schizophrenia, but they agree that it most likely results from a      complex interplay of genetic, behavioral, and other factors, equal to other diseases. It is widely believed that neurotransmitters, brain chemicals that allow communication between brain cells, play a role in causing schizophrenia, but the exact implement is not known. Most m... ...ns is often difficult for schizophrenics. They may deny that they are ill, or their disease itself may hinder their ability to take regular medication. luckily there are many ways for patients, doctors, and families to improve adherence. Some antipsychotic medications are available in long-acting injectable forms so that the patient can receive a dose of medication just once a month. Other useful tools include pillboxes or electronic timers that beep when medication should be taken. Families can also help by motivating the patient to take their medicines properly. O ften, additional drugs, such as antianxiety medications or antidepressants, may be used to call side effects of the antipsychotic medicines or other symptoms related to the schizophrenia, including stiffness, tremors, and depression. Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy by itself is of little value without medication, and vice versa. While medication can be effective in relieving psychotic symptoms, psychotherapy can help with behavioral symptoms such as socialization and communicating appropriately. Supportive and sympathetic psychotherapy helps these patients get wind their disease and re-enter society and family life.

The Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

When committing a rape, murder, or treason does it occur to you that, if Caught, you could be, electrocuted, gassed, or lethally injected? I highly doubt it. So what is it that is tally through your mind? Do you honestly think you can murder or rape some exculpatory somebody and get away with it? I dont think so. I feel the death penalty is a great concept. My philosophy is, why should someone that murdered an innocent humans being still be able to breathe, while his or her victim cannot? Life without parole is a good idea, but that soul is still acquire the chance to breathe, eat, sleep, smell, hear, and see while his or her victim cannot. Many people see capital punishment as cruel and wrong, but is not what that person did cruel and wrong? How are we as a society going to teach them that it is wrong? Life without parole is not the answer, capital punishment strength be. Some of our jails right away could be misinterpreted for a Holiday Inn. The convicted are treated entirel y too well. This is not what I want my taxes to be paid for. I would rather hear of their death then to know that they are, some nights, eating meals just as good as what I am having, you convey to remember what these people did. I do not feel comfortable with the idea that some person that killed or raped or robbed some innocent person could be released out of jail for good behavior. As said in the Bible, Whomever sheds a mans production line, by man shall his blood be shed (Genesis 96). This has been taken to signify Let the punishment, fit the crime. The Risk of Executing the Innocent. I really do feel that this should be taken very serious. We rent to be able to trust our government judicial system, to ensure that no one who was wrongfully accused is sentenced to the death penalty. And with the way our solicit systems work, Im afraid were unable to trust them 100 %. Look at Oj for instance, he was guilty, and should have been executed, but hes walking the streets today sewi ng phone companies. But hey, theres nothing we can do about the court system. The decisions they make is going to be the decision that is final. We need to eliminate all the appealing process. Fact, inmates are six times more likely to get off death row by appeals than by execution. non to mention, the cost of court and lawyer fees. Its just too much money to waste on a guy who could have rapped a little girl. The death p... ...s and only 38% were blacks. Cost of Life without Parole $34,000/year for 50 years at 2% annual cost join on = $3.01 million. Cost of Death Penalty $60,000/year for 6 years at 2% annual cost increase = $1.88 million. There is no doubt that the sign cost of the death penalty is significantly higher than the life with out Parole (LWOP). Look at the numbers though, over time well save $1.2 to $3.6 million if we just execute them. Mind you the $34,000/ year cost are an average. The maximum-security prisons run over $75,000/year. And where do we put the murder ers? In the maximum-security prisons. So actually $75,000/year for 50 years at 2% increase is well, I cant figure it out but Ill bet its a freshet of money. So what it boils down to is, we have these thousands of people on death row that have murdered and rapped people, and where paying on average $34,000/year to hold them. why are we spending money on people that have done such horrible things. Do unto others, as you want them to do unto you. A person knows if they kill someone they are risking the death penalty, I figure if they take that risk they should take the penalty. Im 110% for the death penalty. Word deal 1400

The Murder of Rasputin Essay -- Russia Russian Revolution History

Rasputin was an important figure in the Russian Revolution. His acclaimed magical powers helped lessen the symptoms of poor Alexeis hemophilia, an majestic condition in which the blood doesnt clot. Because Alexei was the heir to the Romanof throne, Tsar Nicholas II and Alexandra were in a stressful situation. They gave Rasputin certain powers that people were jealous of. The aristocrats could non stand a peasant in such a high position. Peasants could not stand the rumors that the tsarina was sleeping with such a weirdo because he had a repute for being a pervert. Rasputin was seen as a pest who was destroy Russia. To save the monarchy from revolutions, assassins were assigned to murder Rasputin. On the night of December 17, 1916, they tried to kill Rasputin. The visualise was simple. Yet on that historic night, they found that Rasputin would be precise difficult to kill. Rasputin was invited to a dinner party. A man named Felix was supposed to poison his food a nd drink. He put poisonous chemicals in his wine and laced it on his pastries but Rasputin ate and drank w... The Murder of Rasputin Essay -- Russia Russian Revolution History Rasputin was an important figure in the Russian Revolution. His acclaimed magical powers helped lessen the symptoms of poor Alexeis hemophilia, an awful condition in which the blood doesnt clot. Because Alexei was the heir to the Romanof throne, Tsar Nicholas II and Alexandra were in a stressful situation. They gave Rasputin certain powers that people were jealous of. The aristocrats could not stand a peasant in such a high position. Peasants could not stand the rumors that the tsarina was sleeping with such a weirdo because he had a reputation for being a pervert. Rasputin was seen as a pest who was ruining Russia. To save the monarchy from revolutions, assassins were assigned to murder Rasputin. On the night of December 17, 1916, they tried to kill Rasputin. The plan was simple. Y et on that historic night, they found that Rasputin would be very difficult to kill. Rasputin was invited to a dinner party. A man named Felix was supposed to poison his food and drink. He put poisonous chemicals in his wine and laced it on his pastries but Rasputin ate and drank w...

Essay --

IntroductionParticipation in sports for children and youth is ever festering and there have been many benefits associated with it, including self-confidence and self-esteem, social and life skills emergence and improving mental and physical health. (Allender et al., 2006 Coplan & Findlay 2008 Donaldson and Ronan, 2006) Apart from these benefits, advocates of sport participation believe that sports go forth the appropriate context for social and life ripening skills, which brings about the idea of character development through sports participation. (Weiss, Smith, & Stuntz, 2008). Life skills as suggested by The World health Organization (1999), play a very important role in the healthy development of adolescents, as it helps prepare them for their future. The use of sports to help with such development is further supported by sport psychologists whom have argued that life skills stomach be taught in combination with athletic skills in sport contexts (Danish & Nellen, 1997).Sport s has been thought to be a platform whereby children and youth are adequate to(p) to learn and cooperate with their teammates, develop self-control, display courage and leadership, communicate and form solutions to internal or external group conflicts and the learning of good virtues such as teamwork, fairness and good work ethics. (Shields & Bredemeier, 1995 Weiss & Bredemeier, 1990). Many parents therefore encourage and enroll their children into sports in hope that they leave alone be able to learn and pick up these positive character-related values and behaviour.On the other hand, there have been other studies to argue the fact that sports quite of developing character, it undermines character. (Bredemeier, 1985, 1994 Bredemeier, Weiss, Shields, & Shewchuk, 198... ...certain behaviours which they interpret as being able to gain praises from their coach. As such, the way in which coaches verbalise, comment and teach the rules of the game to their players, will ultimately pl ant the way in which the players will interpret and act upon the rules during game play. (Bar et al., 1989)With the increasing number of primary school students taking part in sports, sport can present itself as a great platform for character development but the positive outcomes are not always guaranteed. A coach who is able to capitalise on this invaluable and unique platform to inculcate good values is essential in order to ensure positive character development outcomes.This study aimed to describe and analyse a successful primary school netball coachs experiences, strategies and the desired outcomes for athletes as a function of her coaching.

The Mention of the Israelites in Egyptian Scriptures :: essays research papers fc

There are several Egyptian documents that not only mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to diachronic facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letters, a large stele of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories. According to James Orr, general editor for The Definition for Egypt, the Tell el-Amarna garner were discovered in 1887. These documents refer to many Biblical cities they also give much direct information concerning the political and social conditions at that period (Orr, Palestine). Damien Mackeys The House of David, shows the remarkable similarities between several linguistic rules in Egypt and the three kings (Saul, David, and Salomon) mentioned in the Bible. In Michael Grants The History of Ancient Israel, he states that a ruler in the 14th century named Labayu ruled over Shechem and extended his kingdom as far as the Mediterranean coast (18). One model presumption in the case of Saul tells of a second name stated in Psalm 57 the name is Lebaim, a unique word in the Old Testament meaning great lions. In line with this passage comes a reference from the Amarna letters an Egyptian pharaoh whose name was Labayu, meaning Great social lion of (N) where N is a gods name (Mackey 1). The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis III as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important barf after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 31, the passage tells of how Sauls two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of Megiddo, the reco rds by Tuthmosis III describe the split of his armies to defeat scattered forces in separate Canaanite towns. Later, Tuthmosis rejoins his armies to capture of Megiddo (Orr, Palestine). This corresponds with II Samuel 111 account of Davids conquest of Rabbah (Mackey 5). Although, not as much information is found on the Elephantine papyri and the stele of Menephtah, they still display the bonds between the history of Egypt and biblical scriptures.

The Mention of the Israelites in Egyptian Scriptures :: essays research papers fc

There are several Egyptian documents that not sole(prenominal) mention the Israelites in their texts, but also tie the Bible to historical facts. Egyptian documents such as the Tell el-Amarna letter, a large stele of the Menephtah, and the Elephantine papyri not only tell the history of Egypt, they also coincide with biblical scripture. The documents confirm not only dates, certain numbers, and rituals, such as circumcision, but places and event, e.g. The Exodus, of biblical stories. According to jam Orr, general editor for The Definition for Egypt, the Tell el-Amarna Letters were discovered in 1887. These documents refer to many Biblical cities they also give much direct cultivation concerning the political and social conditions at that period (Orr, Palestine). Damien Mackeys The House of David, shows the remarkable similarities between several rulers in Egypt and the three kings (Saul, David, and Salomon) mentioned in the Bible. In Michael Grants The History of Ancient Israel, he states that a ruler in the 14th century named Labayu ruled over Shechem and extended his kingdom as far as the Mediterranean coast (18). One model given in the case of Saul tells of a second name stated in Psalm 57 the name is Lebaim, a unique word in the Old Testament meaning great lions. In line with this passage comes a reference from the Amarna letters an Egyptian pharaoh whose name was Labayu, meaning Great Lion of (N) where N is a gods name (Mackey 1). The Amarna letters could also wrap together David and Tuthmosis tether as one and the same. Labayu had sons that battled for an equally important roll after his death (Grant 18). In II Samuel 31, the passage tells of how Sauls two sons Ish-Bosheth and David fought for power. This leads Mackey to a comprehensive comparison between David and Tuthmosis I & III. A few illustrations in the contrast are ranging from military campaigns to coronation ceremonies (Mackey 3-5). In the military campaign of Megiddo, the records by Tuthmo sis III describe the split of his armies to defeat scattered forces in separate Canaanite towns. Later, Tuthmosis rejoins his armies to capture of Megiddo (Orr, Palestine). This corresponds with II Samuel 111 account of Davids conquest of Rabbah (Mackey 5). Although, not as much information is found on the Elephantine papyri and the stele of Menephtah, they still display the bonds between the history of Egypt and biblical scriptures.

Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay

submits all over the universe argon interested in utilizing unalike theatrical roles of renewable elan vital establishments in order to surpass into the turning demand of competency. atomic number 49 State has a broad assortment of renewable verve resources.A Enormous attempts have been spent in the State of atomic number 49 to come apart the mess awargonness toward the usage of much(prenominal) resources as air current, solar and biomass.A Solar force has great possible to profit atomic number 49 occupier. The sun tangible shaft of light can be converted into electrical energy by utilizing solar energy forms such as Photovoltaic brasss. Photovoltaic systems ( PV systems ) be renewable energy systems that use the Sun as a beginning for lift forthing electric energy. Implementing PV systems can assist indium occupant to bring forth their ain electricity without noise or air pollution. These systems can besides diversify energy fork up, contract down the mal l of entailmented fuels, better the quality of the air, negate nursery gas emanations, and make communication channels in the fabrication and episode of solar energy systems. These al cardinal advantages and features make solar systems the ultimate energy beginning for the twenty-first century. The inch Office of vigour Development has offered a figure of inducements that help chuck out down the woos of point ining and implementing PV systems, and do these systems more low-mvirtuosotary value for inch occupant.A PV system is a significant investing, and as with any investing, adept aid and careful planning entrust assist people make the make up determinations. However, the determination of purchasing PV systems depends on several different factors. Peoples want to salvage the finite dodo fuel resources and extinguish the air pollution. Others would instead pass their bullion on an energy-producing betterment to their belongings than to direct their groovy to a macroc osm-service association. Some people like to cut down the sum of electricity that they buy from public-service raft company, because they get out non be affected by any hereafter additions for the electricity m itary value. Finally, some people merely do non like paying public-service corporation prizes and appreciate the independency that is provided by a PV system.Statement of the ProblemIn order to measure the pecuniary feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the nation of atomic number 49, study for the counties of inch State should be unruffled, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Besides, information more or less monetary values and the surface of a typical system should be self-collected from the professionals and representatives who work in the PV industry.Statement of the Hypotheses and Research QuestionsThe void hypothesis of the survey is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for resi dential intent at atomic number 49 State is non effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals testament be more than the judge return of the system. The alternate hypothesis is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at indium State is an effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be less than the expected return of the system. there are four grounds for the alternate hypothesis First, the authorities attempts toward initiateing and put ining renewable energy made the military operation of put ining PV system an easy pattern and there are some professionals who are able to put in this engineering in about all the metropoliss around the U.S. Second, the fiscal inducements that are created by the US authorities helped indium occupant financially to put in the PV systems. The 3rd point is that the salute of the natural stuff is traveling down because of the advanced engineerings t hat being utilise in the renewable energy. The last point is that the high degree of Indiana s occupant s consciousness toward the advantages of the sustainable applications and systems such as the PV system will assist them utilize these systems in proper vogue.The consequences of the survey will tell the succeeding(prenominal) inquiriesWhat is the perfect size of PV system that is worthy for a typical single-family show in Indiana?How much does the standard size of PV system cost?How much electricity will the PV system green goods?How much will the PV system cut down the electricity measure?How long it will do to alter the bad currency flow from negative to positive or how long the householder can wait before the standard size of PV system produce positive hard currency flow?What is the retribution period for the standard size of PV system?What is the internal rate of return for the standard size PV system?Statement of the Purpose and NeedThe chief end of the survey is to make consciousness about the economic feasibleness of constructing a residential PV system at the State of Indiana, while sing its public showing over the life of the system. The consequences of the survey will assist the determination shapers at the State of Indiana and the occupant of Indian buttocks the locations of their metropoliss for possible installing for a solar PV system, gauge the cost of a standard size of PV system, calculate the expected economy, know the payback period, and mensurate the impact of the geographical location of the PV system public presentation. Besides, this survey will be a usher that improves the consciousness for Indiana occupants sing utilizing the solar energy systems. Furthermore, it will assist the determination shapers at Indian State to place the existent demands for developing more effectual schemes and fiscal inducements that help Indiana occupants implement solar systems in their places.The aims of the survey areTo understand the energy ingestion and cost benefits of utilizing a typical PV system.To gauge the profile of the end harvest place of a typical PV system.To measure the fiscal feasibleness of a typical PV system of the counties those are laid in the State of Indiana.To find the factors that should be considered to find the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements.To find countries with high solar potency utilizing the NEREL US partitioning of energy application.To utilize the U.S. section of energy recommendations and methodological analysiss as a usher to develop a theoretical account for constructing a typical PV system.To find the suited size for residential photovoltaic systems for counties of Indiana State.To gauge the environmental benefits of utilizing photovoltaic rural electrification.To find a suited country for constructing a commercial PV system in Indiana.Statement of the PremisesThere are two of import premises for the survey First, the edifice incorporate photovoltaic is connected in analogue to the public-service corporation grid, so there is no cost for batteries or electrical storage. The 2nd premise is that the computations are based on NEREL US section of energy application and for a typical single-family place in Indiana.Statement of the MethodologyThe methodological analysis of this research will dwell of the following(prenominal) six stairss foremost, choosing the counties that will be the sample size. The sample size will be selected harmonizing to the undermentioned process The counties of Indiana will be organized harmonizing to the locations of the county, there are five regional could be used for forming the counties North, E, West, cardinal, south cardinal, and south. Then, the alphabetical sorting will be used to form the counties in lists and for from each one one list represents a geographical country. Then choosing three counties from each list one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list.The 2nd measure is casualty the nothing codifications for each county by utilizing the nothing codification finders. After that, the geographical location for each nothing codification will be identified by utilizing the Google Earth application, which will assist in happening two of import variables solar AZ solar height.The 4th measure is reaching professionals who work in the PV industry and place of import information about a typical PV system such as the size, monetary value, care, and equipment.Fifth, the location and the size parametric quantities will be used as inputs for the PV Watt application. This application will give the expected public presentation and electricity that could be produced from the typical size of a PV system.Finally, the informations that gained from the PV Watt applications and other will be inserted into the excel application to make the analysis. Charts will be created to sum up the consequ ences of the survey.Definitions of the Key FootingsManagement Management is the act of forming people to accomplish certain ends. Henri Fayol, who substantial a theory of Management Science, believes that the most of import activities of pleader are calculating, planning, forming, commanding, organizing and commanding ( Fayol, 1917 ) .Technology The International Network for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises or INSME defined engineering as a human construct in action that involves the coevals of cognition and processes to develop systems that solve jobs and widen human capablenesss ( 2003 ) . In other words, engineering is any part that can better the human cognition and be used to work out jobs by doing life easier.Technology Management it is the scientific discipline that focuses on puting technological tools in pull offing aids to actuate inventions.Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air curren t, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat.PV cellular telephone It is a solar cell that absorbs the Sun visible radiation. It is the most of import portion in a PV system. Each cell consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff one bed has a negative charge and the other positive.PV control board It is a solar panel consists of sets of PV cells that are connected together. It is besides known as PV solar faculty.PV array PV array is portion of PV solar system. It is a solar array that consists of sets of PV panels or faculties that are connected together in series or in parallel.PV system A solar system designed to absorb the Sun visible radiation and revision over it to electricity. It consists of sets of PV arrays or faculties, which connected to other equipment such as electric inverter or raking systems. The PV system maps as a individual electricity bring forthing unit.Solar Azimuth The section of energy defined the solar AZ as the lean between the Sun s evident place in the sky and true South, as measured on a horizontal plane .Solar Altitude The section of energy defined the solar height as the angle between to the skyline and the centre of the solar phonograph record. The American Meteorological Society defined this construct as The angle of the Sun 90 grades or less above the skyline. Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) It is the rate that is used in capital budgeting to mensurate the viability and profitableness of a undertaking. It will assist determination shapers make the obligation determination toward specific byplay undertaking.Payback period it is the period that is required to return back the money that is invested as portion capital to get down a concern undertaking. It assists directors and determination shapers to do the right determinations toward puting their money in a concern undertaking. notes flow it is an of import construct in the engineering science economic sciences scientific discipline, it is t he procedure of placing the money motion in or out of a concern undertaking.Indiana State it is a U.S province located in the Midwest part. The population of the province is 6,516,922. Harmonizing to Rural Policy Research Institute, there are 77.7 % of Indiana occupants populating in metropolitan counties, 16.5 % life in micropolitan counties and 5.9 % life in non-core counties.Chapter Two A REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATUREOverviewThis chapter aims to reexamine and clear up some of import constructs sing the renewable energy and the solar PV systems. This chapter besides provides a theoretical footing for the research and helps the reader to find the nature of the research. In add-on, this chapter will supply in deepness reappraisal for old research surveies that are related to fiscal ratings for PV systems at different locations in the universe.Renewable EnergyRenewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterf alls, rivers, and geothermic heat. The resources for the renewable energy are continually and sustainably replenished and those resources are available all over the universe but there is a demand for engineerings to utilize these resources efficaciously. The function for any engineering in this filed is to capture the renewable energy and change over it from specific signifier of power to another. For illustration, the Sun can be used to bring forth solar energy, which will be used for warming, chilling, and illuming. land up energy is captured by air current turbines and turned into electricity. Harmonizing to the Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC ) , there are five chief resources for renewable energyWind energy the power that is generated from the air current.Solar energy the power that is generated from the Sun.Biomass energy the power that is generated from Plant stuffs, such as wood, maize, and soy.Biogas energy the power that is generated from the carnal waste.Geother mal energy the power that is generated from the reservoirs of steam and hot H2O beneath the Earth s surface.The undermentioned map is the renewable energy map, which shows the bing installations for the renewable energy in the unify States.Using renewable energy is of import because it has many benefits and advantages. These benefits can be summarized by four of import pointsEnvironment Friendly the renewable power is a clean beginning of energy that has no impact on the environment comparing to other energy resources.Sustainability the renewable power is continually and sustainably replenished. It will non post out but other beginnings of energy are finite and someday will be consumed.Energy Security utilizing the renewable energy beginnings will cut down the demand for importing oil from other states and it will increase the autonomy in energy production of a state.Making occupations occupations will be created by puting money in constructing renewable energy engineering which w ill assist states in salvaging money that could be used in making occupation alternatively of directing it abroad to purchase fuel.Photovoltaic ( PV ) systemsThe word photovoltaic consists of two words exposure , which is a Grecian word means light and Gur , which refers to bring forth electricity. The PV systems are systems use solar panels to absorb the sunshine energy and change over it to electricity. These systems give the chance for people to bring forth electricity in clean, quiet and dependable manner. It besides named as solar cells systems because it uses sun visible radiation as the beginning for bring forthing electricity. The undermentioned image is one illustration for the PV system.PV system ComponentThere are two of import constituents for any PV system, these constituents are PV panels ( faculties ) and AC/DC power convertor or inverter. A PV system whitethorn include other constituent such as battery, solar tracker, interconnectedness wiring, and a racking syst em that holds the solar panels. PV panel consist of set PV cells, which consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff. One bed has a negative charge and the other positive. A group of connected solar panels or faculties is called a solar array. The inverter is an electrical power convertor that changes direct current ( DC ) the beginning to jumping current ( AC ) the finish. The DC is the solar panel in a PV system. The undermentioned image explains the difference between cell, faculty, and array parts of a PV system.The undermentioned image summarizes the most of import constituents for a PV system.The manner a PV system plantsThe undermentioned four stairss explain the manner that a PV system worksWhen the Sun visible radiation strikes the PV cell, the photons of the Sun visible radiation are absorbed by the atoms of the semiconducting material stuff.Chemical reactions release negatrons because negatrons negatively charged.The chemical reaction will bring forth el ectricity because the publish negatrons will travel from the cell s negative bed to an external circuit and back to the positive bed. This flow of negatrons green goodss electric current.The inverter will designate the DC electric that is produced by the PV cells to AC that is traveling to be consumed by family demands.More electricity can be produced by increasing the figure of PV cells and panels that are connected to the PV system. When two panels are connected together in series, the electromotive force is maximized to the doubled while the current electric corsets constant. When two panels are connected in analogue, the current electric is maximized to the doubled but the electromotive force stays changeless.The undermentioned diagram explains procedure of bring forthing electricity from a PV system.The types of PV systemsPV systems can be categorize depending on several factors. These factors may include the systems application, operational demands, component constellations , and the manner that equipment is connected to power beginnings and electrical tonss. There are two chief types of solar PV systems standalone off-grid and grid-connected or grid-tied solar PV systems. The undermentioned account for each typeStand-alone off-grid PV system this system is designed to work independently and non connected to electricity grid. This system needs battery bank to hive away the electricity, which is produced by the PV system. This system is largely being used in countries that the electricity grid is far off. The undermentioned figure demonstrates the off-grid PV system.Grid-connected PV systems this system designed to work in analogue with the electricity grid. This is the most cost effectual type because it does non required battery bank. The lone prejudice for this type is that this system does non supply backup power during a power outage even if the Sun is reflecting but for aims with dependable grid power, this is normally the logical system pick. S ince there is no battery bank, the electric public-service corporation shops the electricity that is produced by the PV system through a system called net-metering. The end of put ining this system is to cut down or extinguish the sum of electricity and power that a occupant would devour from the electric public-service corporation grid. If the system produces electricity more than the family needs, the wasted sum of the electricity will be pushed back to the public-service corporation grid and the electric public-service corporation will pay the sell rate to the system proprietor. This type of PV systems will be used in this survey because it s cost effectual. The undermentioned chart shows the grid-connected PV systems.Previous surveies sing put ining PV systemsIndiana StateIt is province located at the United States of America located in the Midwest part of North America. The capital and the largest metropolis in the province is Indianapolis. The occupants of Indiana are called Hoosiers. The name of province means the Indian land. The entire country in Indiana State is 36,418 square stat mis. Harmonizing to National Atlas of the United States ( NAUS ) , Indiana is the 38th largest size in the U.S. The province has a maximal E to west dimension of 145 stat mis and a maximal dimension North to South of 250 stat mis. Michigan State is located on the northern boundary lines of the province, Ohio State located on the E, and Illinois State is located on the west boundary line of the State. The State of Indiana has a humid conditions, with cool winters and warm summers. Indiana is divided into 92 counties. As of 2010, there are 16 metropolitan, 25 micropolitan, 117 integrated metropoliss, and 450 towns. Indianapolis is largest metropolis and it is the capital of the State. The metropoliss with populations larger than 55,000 are Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Carmel, Bloomington, A Hammond, Gary, Fishers, Muncie, Lafayette, Terre Haute, Anderso n. As of July 1, 2011, the population of Indiana is 6,516,922.The power production at Indiana State chiefly produced via coal. There are 24 coal power workss in the province, including the Gibson Generating Station, which is the largest coal power works in the United States. Indiana State ranked the highest rate of S dioxide emanations in the United States because of the coal power works that are located in the province.The determination shapers in Indiana State have made priceless attempts to increasing the usage of renewable energy such as air current, solar power, hydroelectric, or biomass, nevertheless, the advancement has been really slow because of the immense sum of the coal resource in southern Indiana.Engineering economic sciencesIt is a subset of the economic scientific discipline focal points on the viability of technology applications and applications. An of import construct in technology economic sciences is the cartridge clip value of money. There are assorted cons tructs of technology economic sciences will be used in this survey. The most of import is the hard currency flow construct, which is the money motion in or out of a undertaking. The hard currency flow will assist an proprietor of a concern identify the old ages that are needed to return the portion capital of the undertaking. Another of import construct will be used in this survey is the net present value construct, which is the value of a payment or series of payments made at other times.Renewable Energy IncentivesRenewable energy inducements are authorities plans that are created to supply fiscal motives for U.S occupants to develop and put in engineerings and undertakings for bring forthing and bring forthing renewable energy. These plans are of import for the U.S occupant because it facilitates the procedure of put ining a PV system by cut downing the disbursals of purchasing it. The State of Indiana offers a province belongings revenue enhancement task write-off and a revenue enhancement tax write-off of up to $ 1000 for the installing of solar engineerings.Chapter THREE Method OF INVESTIGATIONOverviewIn order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the 92 counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Arrested nurture theoretical accounts ( e.g. additive and multiple ) will be used to develop a mathematical theoretical account to measure the cost-effectiveness of typical PV systems. This chapter defines and explains the processs employed, and specifies the lower settle demands that the survey must run into. Besides, in this chapter, there will be a description of the designing tools that were used in the survey.Description of the ProceduresCombinations of assorted informations aggregation methodological analysiss will be used in this survey, reexamining old surveies, questioning people from the PV industry, and recovering informations from the U.S. energy section web site. The information will be collected and analyzed through different applications such as SPSS, PV Calculator, and Microsoft Excel.Reviewing the old surveies will assist the research worker to understand the inside informations about PV engineerings and the best make up for put ining a typical PV system. The literature reappraisal methodological analysis helps the research worker in developing assorted inquiries that used in the call into question procedure. The interview procedure will be conducted in three signifiers face-to-face, over the phone, over the Internet. The interview helps the research worker gather informations from people work in the PV sector. It besides helps the research worker to be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and the monetary values for put ining a typical size of a PV system that is suited for typical individual household place in State of Indiana. The research w orker will present himself, his background, and the research ends to the participant.After roll uping informations, the analysis procedure will get down. The different methods and applications will be used in the analysis of the collected information. Finally, the consequences of the analysis will assist the research worker in replying the survey inquiries.Description of Subjects and EquipmentsThe success of this survey depends on assorted tools and applications Interview, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan, Microsoft Excel, PV Watt application, Zip Code Finder, and Google Map. The followers is a description for each of theseInterview the research worker will carry on interviews with people work in the PV industry. The interviews will assist the research worker collect information about the monetary values of a typical PV system.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan it is a computing machine plan built for statistical analysis intents. SPSS package helps research workers analyzing current state of affairss for specific state of affairss and calculating future tendencies. Besides, it is a tool used by directors to do right determinations about their merchandises and build assorted relationships between different factors. By utilizing this package, houses are able to direct and automatize determinations to run into concern ends and achieve mensurable private-enterprise(a) advantage. This package was helpful for this survey because it will be easy to analyse the information that will be collected from different beginnings and happen relationships between different variables. This application will enable the research worker to sum up the consequences and convert the consequences to artworks which will ease reading the consequences.Excel package or dot sheet This is an application that developed by the Microsoft company. This application is used for computations, making in writing, programing, making statistical oper ationsa etc. This tool is of import for this research because it will be used for ciphering of import constructs such as hard currency flow, net nowadays value, and internal rate of return.PV Watt application it is an application developed by the U.S section of energy to find the energy production and cost nest eggs of grid-connected photovoltaic ( PV ) energy systems throughout the universe. It allows householders, installers, makers, and research workers to easy develop estimations of the public presentation of conjectural PV installings . This is the most of import application for this survey because it will be used to gauge the electricity that could be produced by a typical PV system. This application needs some parametric quantities, which will be identified through interviewing or bespeaking an on-line quotation mark from professional people who work in the PV industry.Google Map it is an application developed by Google Company. It offers geographical information about topo graphic points locations. This application is of import to the survey because it will be used to place of import two variables solar AZ and solar height. These variables will be used in the PV Watt application to gauge the power that could be produced through a typical size of a PV system.Zip codification finder it is a general web application offered by many web sites to place the nothing codification of a specific country. This application will be used in the survey to place the nothing codifications for the counties of Indiana State.Research Design and ProceduresThe survey processs depend on the applications and the tools that described above. All of these applications are of import for finishing the survey and each one will be used to finish specific occupation. First, the counties of Indiana have been found though the Indiana authorities web site ( IN.gov ) . The following tabular array and figure sum up these counties.NorthAEastAWestACentralASouth CentralSouthAElkhart,Adams,Be nton,Boone,Bartholomew,Clark,Fulton,Allen,Carroll, Clay,Hamilton,Brown,Crawford,Jasper,Blackford,Clinton,Hancock,Davy,Dubois,Kosciusko,Cass, DeFountain,Hendricks,Dearborn,Floyd,La Grange,Kalb,Montgomery,Johnson,Decatur,Gibson,Lake,Delaware,Newton,Marion,Franklin,Harrison,LaPorte,Fayette,Owen, Parke,Morgan,Greene,Orange,Marshall,Grant, Henry,Putnam,ShelbyJackson,Perry, Pike,Porter,Howard,Sullivan,Jefferson,Posey, Scott,Pulaski, St.Huntington,Tippecanoe,Jennings,Spencer,Joseph,Jay, Madison,Vermillion,Knox,Vanderburgh,Starke, SteubenMiami, Noble,Vigo, Warren, WhiteLawrence, Martin,Warrick, WashingtonRandolph,Monroe,Rush, Tipton,Ohio, Ripley,Union,SwitzerlandWabash,Wayne,Wells,WhitleySecond, the research worker will choose three counties form each geographical country to be the sample for this survey one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list.The selected northern counties are Elkhart, Marshall, and Steuben. The selected Ea stern counties are Adams, Huntington and Whitley. The selected Western counties are Benton, Owen and White. The selected Central counties are Boone, Hendricks, and Shelby. The selected Southern Central counties are Bartholomew, Jackson and Switzerland. Finally, the selected Southern counties are Clark, Orange and Washington.The 3rd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each one of the selected counties. This has been done through the Zip codification Finder application. The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected northern counties. cannonball along Codes functioning the county ofELKHART, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity46507Bristol46514ELKHART46515ELKHART46516ELKHART46517ELKHART46526GOSHEN46527GOSHEN46528GOSHEN46530Farmer46540MIDDLEBURY46542MILFORD46543MILLERSBURG46550NAPPANEE46553NEW capital of France46561OSCEOLA46567Syracuse46573WAKARthe StatesZIP Codes functioning the county ofMARSHALL, IndianaZIP CodeCity46501Argos4 6504Bourbon46506Bremen46511CULVER46513DONALDSON46524ETNA thousand46531GROVERTOWN46536LAKEVILLE46537LAPAZ46539MENTONE46550NAPPANEE46563Plymouth46570TIPPECANOE46572TYNER46574WALKERTONZIP Codes functioning the county ofSTEUBEN, IndianaZIP CodeCity46703Angola46705ASHLEY46737Fremont46742Hamilton46747Hudson46761LAGRANGE46776ORLAND46779PLEASANT LAKEThe undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Eastern countiesZIP Codes functioning the county ofADAMS, IndianaZIP CodeCity46711capital of Switzerland46714BLUFFTON46731CRAIGVILLE46733Decatur46740Geneva46745Hoagland46769LINN GROVE46772Monroe46773MONROEVILLE46777OSSIAN46780PLEASANT MILLS46782PREBLE47326BRYANTZIP Codes functioning the county ofHUNTINGTON, IndianaZIP CodeCity46702Andrews46713BIPPUS46750Huntington46770MARKLE46783Roanoke46792Warren46940LA FONTAINE46991VAN BURENZIP Codes functioning the county ofWHITLEY, IndianaZIP CodeCity46562PIERCETON46723CHURUBUSCO46725COLUMBIA CITY46764LARWILL46783R oanoke46787SOUTH WHITLEYThe undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Western countiesZIP Codes functioning the county ofBENTON, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity47917AMBIA47921Boswell47942EARL PARK47944Fowler47948GOODLAND47970OTTERBEIN47971Oxford47975PINE VILLAGE47977REMINGTON47984Talbot47986TEMPLETONZIP Codes functioning the county ofOWEN, IndianaZIP CodeCity46120CLOVERDALE46166Paragon47427COAL CITY47431Freedom47433GOSPORT47455PATRICKSBURG47456Quincy47459SOLSBERRY47460Spencer47471WORTHINGTON47833Bowling GREEN47868PolandZIP Codes functioning the county ofWHITE, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity46978ROYAL CENTER46985STAR CITY47920BATTLE GROUND47923BROOKSTON47925American bison47926BURNETTSVILLE47929CHALMERS47950IDAVILLE47959MONON47960MONTICELLO47980Reynolds47995WOLCOTTThe undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Central countiesZIP Codes functioning the county ofBOONE, IndianaMap of CountyZ IP CodeCity46035COLFAX46050KIRKLIN46052LEBANON46069Sheridan46071THORNTOWN46075WHITESTOWN46077ZIONSVILLE46102Progress46147Jamestown47968NEW ROSSZIP Codes functioning the county ofHENDRICKS, IndianaZIP CodeCity46103AMO46112BROWNSBURG46113CAMBY46118CLAYTON46121COATESVILLE46122DANVILLE46123Avon46147Jamestown46149LIZTON46158MOORESVILLE46165NORTH SALEM46167PITTSBORO46168PLAINFIELD46180STILESVILLE46197PLAINFIELD46231Indianapolis46234Indianapolis47968NEW ROSSZIP Codes functioning the county ofSHELBY, IndianaZIP CodeCity46110BOGGSTOWN46124Edinburgh46126FAIRLAND46130FOUNTAINTOWN46144GWYNNEVILLE46150Manila46161Morristown46162NEEDHAM46163NEW PALESTINE46176SHELBYVILLE46182WALDRON46259Indianapolis47234 vapid escape from47272Saint PaulThe undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern Central countiesZIP Codes functioning the county ofBARTHOLOMEW, IndianaZIP CodeCity46124Edinburgh47201-47203Columbus47226CLIFFORD47232ELIZABETHTOWN47234FLAT ROCK47 236GRAMMER47244HARTSVILLE47246Hope47247JONESVILLE47274Seymour47280TAYLORSVILLE47283WESTPORTZIP Codes functioning the county ofJACKSON, IndianaZIP CodeCity47102Austin47220BROWNSTOWN47228Cortland47229CROTHERSVILLE47235Freetown47249KURTZ47260MEDORA47264Norman47274Seymour47281VALLONIAZIP Codes functioning the county ofSWITZERLAND, IndianaZIP CodeCity47011Bennington47019EAST ENTERPRISE47020Firenze47038Patriot47043VEVAYThe undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern countiesZIP Codes functioning the county ofCLARK, IndianaZIP CodeCity47104Bethlehem47106BORDEN47111Charlestown47119FLOYDS KNOBS47126HENRYVILLE47129CLARKSVILLE47130JEFFERSONVILLE47131JEFFERSONVILLE47132JEFFERSONVILLE47133JEFFERSONVILLE47134JEFFERSONVILLE47141MARYSVILLE47143Memphis47144JEFFERSONVILLE47147NABB47162NEW WASHINGTON47163OTISCO47172SELLERSBURG47177Underbrush47190JEFFERSONVILLE47199JEFFERSONVILLEZIP Codes functioning the county ofORANGE, IndianaZIP CodeCity47108CAM PBELLSBURG47118English47125HARDINSBURG47140Marengo47175TASWELL47432FRENCH LICK47452Orleans47454PAOLI47469WEST BADEN SPRINGSZIP Codes functioning the county ofWASHINGTON, IndianaZIP CodeCity47106BORDEN47108CAMPBELLSBURG47120Fredericksburg47125HARDINSBURG47126HENRYVILLE47145MILLTOWN47164Palmyra47165PEKIN47167Salem47170SCOTTSBURG47281VALLONIAThe following measure is utilizing the Google Map will assist the research worker in happening the exact geographical place for each nothing codification. By happening the exact location for each county, the research worker will be able to happen solar power potency for each country. The 5th measure in the research methodological analysis is utilizing the PV Watt application, which is lunched by the section of energy, with the parametric quantities, which will be gotten from questioning the people who work in the PV industry. The parametric quantities are needed to cipher the expected produced energy from the typical PV system that has been built h armonizing to recommendation from professional people who work in the PV industry. Finally, the Microsoft Excel will be used for making the mathematical computation such as the IRR and NPR.The interview is besides of import for this survey because it will assist the research worker be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and with the monetary values of put ining a typical system for a typical individual household. The names of the makers, distributors, traders and service & A fix specializer have been taken from the electronic version of the xanthous book hypertext transfer protocol //www.yellowpages.com. The research worker usage Solar placement as a cardinal phrase for the hunt and Indiana has been selected as the location. Then, the consequences have been filtered by choosing three classsSolar Energy Equipment & A Systems-Dealers.Solar Energy Equipment & A Systems- wait on & A Repair.Solar Energy Equipment & A Systems-Manufacturers & A DistributorsThe foll owing tabular array summarizes the name, type of concern, location and phone figure.ANameBusiness TypeCityTelephone1Solar Energy Systems, LLCretail consummate(a) revenues, sweeping provider, distributer, electric public-service corporationNappanee, Indiana regular army 46550( 574 ) 773-05462Bowen EngineeringGeneral ContractorFishermans, Indiana USA 46038317-842-26163BPM Service TodayContractorKendallville, Indiana USA 46755260-347-93884Concept Beyond Tomorrowretail gross revenuesChesterton, Indiana USA 46304219-929-13975CoolSpell, LLC.retail gross revenues, sweeping providerIndianapolis, Indiana USA 46220317-201-44356Earth-SOLAR Technologies CorporationPhotovoltaic Cell ManufacturerIndianapolis, Indiana USA 46202317. 926. 70007EcoSource Incsweeping providerColumbus, Indiana USA 47201812-342-72268Estes Design & A Manufacturing, Inc.makerIndianapolis, Indiana USA 46229317-899-22039G-Tech Energy, Inc.retail gross revenues, site survey/assessmentIndianapolis, Indiana USA 46220317-627 -303110Green Optionsretail gross revenuesKokomo, Indiana USA 46902765-480-413811Greenworks Energyretail gross revenues, sweeping provider, importer, distributer, mfgYorktown, Indiana USA 47396877-365-POWER12Hoagland electric car Inc.Electrical Contracting, industrial, commercial, controls, forteWayne, Indiana USA 46818260-489-599013Home Energy LLCretail gross revenues, contractor, sweeping providerMiddlebury, Indiana USA 46540( 574 ) 825-480014Hurshtown substitute precedentretail gross revenues, sweeping providerGrabill, Indiana USA 46741-9617260-438-525015Illiana Power CorporationSolar energy consulting, design & A installingTerre Haute, Indiana USA 47802888-815-802316Inovateus Solar LLCsweeping provider, distributerSouth Bend, Indiana USA 46637574-485-140517Mann Plumbing Inc MPI Solarretail gross revenuesBloomington, Indiana USA 47404812-334-4003( 812 ) 327-847618Morton Solar & A Wind, LLCRenewable Energy Products and ServicesEvansville, Indiana USA 47711812-402-090019Followi ng Generation Resources, LLCretail gross revenuesGrabill, Indiana USA 46741260-437-649020Phoenix Mechanicalconsulting, design, installing, contractor serveGarrett, Indiana USA 46738260-357-193021Renewable Energy Systems, LLCdesign, installing, undertaking development services, contractor servicesAvilla, Indiana USA 46710260-897-245022Rescuerretail gross revenues, sweeping provider, exporterIndianapolis, Indiana USA 46239317-465-849623Solar Wind Energy Corporationdesign, installing, building, site study and appraisal services, contractor services, care and fix servicesKendallville, Indiana USA 46755260-347-838224Southside Attic Solutionretail gross revenuesGreenwood, Indiana USA 46142( 317 ) 847-454625SunRise Solar Incmaker, sweeping providerSt. John, Indiana USA 46373219-306-816326SunWind Power Systems, IncSolar and wind installing, design, and confer withingFloyds Knobs, Indiana USA 47119A27Illiana Power CorporationRepeatedSolar Energy ContractingIndianapolis & A Ft. Wayne & A S outh Bend & A Michigan City & A Indiana USA 46803888-815-802328One Planet Solar and Wind Inc.retail gross revenuesTerre Haute, Indiana USA 47807812-235-138029Strong Tower Roofing & A ConstructionInstallation, careSpringville, IN 47462( 812 ) 797-063030Lindley Heating & A Cooling Inc.retail gross revenuesPittsboro, IN 46167( 317 ) 892-602431Midwest Solar Additionsinstalling, design, and confer withingHebron, IN 46341( 219 ) 996-721432Ameresco Energy Servicessretail gross revenuesIndianapolis, IN 46240( 317 ) 816-099033480v Solarinstalling, design, and confer withingMichigan City, IN 46360( 219 ) 879-550134PrimeStar SolarInstallation, careIndianapolis, IN 46229( 317 ) 899-300035J J J Enterprisesretail gross revenuesIndianapolis, IN 46221( 317 ) 856-474436Yager Electricretail gross revenuesFort Wayne, IN 46818( 260 ) 710-270737Solar Systems of Indianainstalling, design, and confer withingBloomington, IN 47408( 812 ) 336-278538Midwest Wind and Solar LLCinstalling, design, and confer withingMerrillville, IN 46411( 219 ) 714-248839Solar Century of Indianainstalling, design, and confer withingIndianapolis, IN 46201( 317 ) 546-507140Fair & A Square Constructionretail gross revenues, InstallationPoland, IN 47868( 812 ) 821-052641L & A S Electric Co Incretail gross revenues, InstallationHammond, IN 46327( 219 ) 932-850442Solar Electric Turbine Coinstalling, design, and confer withingWestfield, IN 46074( 317 ) 985-568543Solar Energy Systemsinstalling servicesShipshewana, IN 46565( 260 ) 768-727544Solartek EnergyinstallingJeffersonville, IN 47130( 812 ) 282-460145Solar and Wind WaveInstallationIndianapolis, IN 46217( 317 ) 641-461046BP Solarinstalling, design, and confer withingWhitening, IN 46394( 219 ) 473-286747Solar Tek Energyretail gross revenuesNewburgh, IN 47630( 812 ) 853-538548ERMCO, Inc. Electrical & A Communications Contractorsretail gross revenuesIndianapolis, IN 46217( 317 ) 780-2923Nine inquiries will be asked for the PV representative. These inquirie s divided into four classs constituent and costs, public presentation, country and size, and care and life-time. The inquiries areComponent and costsWhat are the major constituents in a grid connected photovoltaic system?How much does a typical Photovoltaics system cost, and on what footing is monetary value determined?PerformanceHow is the electrical public presentation of Photovoltaic faculties and arrays typically rated? What is the DC electrical end product of PV cells?How should a PV array be oriented for maximal energy production? ( What are the effectuate of leaning a PV array at lower or higher angles than the local latitude? )What energy public presentation can be expected from a grid-connected PV system?The size of the systemsHow much surface country is required for put ining a PV array?How are grid-connected PV systems sized?Care and life clipWhat are typical care demands for PV systems?What is the expected life-time for a PV system?

P4 Use Marketing Research

Task 1 (P4 utilization selling research for marketing planning) Results -75% wish more(prenominal)(prenominal) childrens get upes -82% want the support to be open longer -65% utter the staff was unfriendly -50% said the contents of the sandwiches could be new-made -80% said they would prefer more wraps SWOT Analysis Strengths Because Mr. Khan has carried out the market research on his competitors his undersurface adjust his own line solve sure it meets the requirements that the customers need such as making sure his staff atomic number 18 friendly and help when serving customers.Weaknesses -The weaknesses of Mr. Khans sandwich shop is that there is already a shop in the area with a minimum of 200 customers which may make it harder for him to start getting customers especi every last(predicate)y if the store has a large amount of loyal customers. Also if there is one shop there may more which could mean he has set up his bank line in a bad area. Opportunities To wide n the range of sandwiches available in his shop, more childrens sandwiches altogetherow for beat more customers in with preteen children similarly to start making more types of wraps so that there is a larger selection of food available in store bringing more customers through the door therefore increasing sales and profits. By keeping his store open longer than other stores in the area he evoke potentially gain more customers from other store and perhaps find new customers who use his store nearer to closing time. -If Mr.Khan was able to source all of the contents of his sandwiches locally and use that as promotion so that he has the freshest ingredients because it can bring more customers. Threats Any new shops that are opening can be a potential threat and steal customers from his store because they may give better service, products or their prices may be lower. Also if there are each supermarkets around the area that sell sandwiches because they sell them at much lower prices than he can so there is threat of the supermarkets stealing customers lustrous Objectives 0% said they would prefer more wraps -To develop a new line of wrap based product to sell in store maybe look into other stores to do more or less market research to see what types food sells and whether wraps are selling or non. Then on the research that he has carried out create a new menu of sandwiches that include a selection of wraps, also Mr. Khan could introduce the wrap with a special offer like a meal deal, half price or buy one get free. Mr. Khan could also do a festive menu on the way up to Christmas 82% want the shop to be open longer Keep the store open from 700am until 400pm for dejeuner and breakfast also perhaps open it for a two hours in the evening to increase and make a minimum of 60 sales per day Increase the amount of sales he makes in a day by doing a meal deal that would draw more people into his store daily also if he was to keep the store open for longer th an he could get more sales in the later on hours of the afternoon when didnt use to be open. Mr. Khan could also open it for a few hours in the evening to see if he could get any sales then. 5% said the staff was unfriendly -Gain 30 regulars that use the store 3-5 times week in the first two months By employing more friendly staff that interact with customers so his store becomes a more friendly place with better atmosphere, this may mean that customer could his shop more often and regularly in their work place so that Mr. Khan knows he has got at least 30 guarantied sales every day. 50% said the contents of the sandwiches could be fresher -Source all ingredients that are utilise in sandwiches locally e. g. local farms and butchers. By Mr.Khan sourcing all of the contents of his sandwiches and ingredients locally from local farms, grocers and butchers also perhaps use organic fruit and vegetables. Then promoting in his store and on the menu that he uses fresh, locally sourced ing redients in his food may bring in more customers. 75% want more childrens sandwiches -Open new line of child based sandwich products and meal deal that contain a drink a toy also a wider variety sandwiches. By starting to make a childrens menu with a range of products from sandwiches to drinks and toys.This will bring more people with children into his sandwich store and mean that the pa rubs will stay longer and spent more money in his shop because their children are happy and entertained with the meal they grant. PESTEL Analysis Political -Political factors are Laws passed by the government that affect the line of work and to what degree. These political factors include areas such as value policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability.Political factors can also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government doesnt want to be provided such as tobacco and cigarettes which t he governments allow to be sold sell but puts heavy tax on. The locoweed ban had a tough effect on all business when it was put in place however it was a positive for shops and business like Mr. Khans sandwich shop because it prevents smokers from hummer in business and public places which allowed more people and a wider range to use the business such mothers and children to use his store that wouldnt have used it before because of the smokers.Economical -Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate which affect business in the way of stock prices, rent and revenue enhancement these factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a company like Mr. Khans profits, revenue and debts because his business loans will become more expensive affecting how much his company makes and what it worth. This can affect how much his sandwich grows and expands, possible new store he cou ld open and how quick it does so.Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy this affects Mr. Khan Business because it could import some of the ingredients used in his product and the exchange rates can differ and tax on importing and exporting goods can increase. Inflation affects all business because it affects prices of goods and services and taxes on business like Mr. Khans sandwich shop because the prices of his ingredients can increase, the tax on his business may increase and the rent for the premise of his business especially with inflation increasing.Social Social factors include the cultural aspects that affect businesses which can include population growth rate, age, career attitudes and different cultures. get on is has a big affect such as if Mr. Khan started to make his business more child friendly and offer coloring and play areas for children. do the inside of his store more comfortable by using sofa s eating instead of plastic chairs. Technological Technological factors include the ways in which technology has changed the way business operate and the rate of technological change.Examples of this would be business offering free Wi-Fi when you use the business this is something that Mr. Khans sandwich shop could think about offering to the customer because it can increase the range of customer that use it such students and business men that buy the lunch and use the Wi-Fi on their laptop to do work. Another technological factor would be for Mr. Khan to start using chip pin allowing his customers to pay with tease because their lots of potential customer that may not have cash with them but have a card so dont use his sandwich shop.Any more advance technology that he could use in his business such as new fridges, cooking and the equipment he uses to make the sandwiches which could all potentially increase the quality of his products. Environmental These are factors which can relate to the social, political and legal aspects affecting a business. Some examples of this would be Mr. Khan adapting a new outlook to how his business gives back to the environment, by the packaging he uses to wrap his sandwiches in perhaps using bio degradable packaging.Reducing the amount of packaging he uses so that he has less waste. Another thing Mr. Khan could consider is reducing the amount of waste his business generates overall by reducing it he would not only save money himself on the waste packaging that is not used and it would reduce cost of rubbish removal because he will then have less non recyclable waste. These moves would also improve the image of his business in that it will become more environmentally friendly. LegalLegal issues involve the development that goes on within the business it includes various laws such as discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs , and the lead for its products. Because Mr. Khans business is relatively new and a lot of the current laws have already passed however law such as the smoking ban for example could have affect Mr. Khans business because when the law passed it was good news for mothers and children but bad for any smokers that before would have been able to smoke in the cafe.

The five pillars of today’s security techniques

With increased incidents of protection intrusions more emphases is being put in Information Systems Security. Corporate data needs to be protected at completely cost. A compromise on system security could cost an organization millions in data loss and strategic cultivation spilling. Thus, a formidable security system is an investment any organization running data job on corporate and public networks should implement. Information system security can be enhanced through the followingProtectionFirewalls employ selective rules to grant or deny nark to data traffic in to the intranet. To limit access to a website, you might decide to block the associated FTP port. Firewalls may also be configured to block all traffic apart from a few, listed. For event to limited access to common World Wide Web traffic, you may just block port 80 or 8080.Intrusion ginmillIntrusion prevention systems combine the strengths of firewall and IPS. It examines network traffic like IDS and regularises whe ther to pass any given traffic like firewalls.The IPS assesses traffic patterns to evaluate the type of network access and to determine whether it should be permitted. While IDS can only note an ongoing attack and pass the alert to an analyst, the IPS will stop the attack by blocking traffic between the attacker and its victim.Intrusion DetectionIntrusion detection systems (IDS) actively look for intrusions in process such as forbidden websites access or trojan horse horse attempting to control a workstation activity. They record dangerous patterns and alert the network security personnel. They have to be configured carefully for purposes of sending the correct information to the security personnel.ReactionIn the event of a security compromise in your organization, there is always an expected reaction. You may react by sealing the loops e.g. in a web based information system, a poorly coded script code that skips password encryption may be corrected on an in-house programme exercis e. An off shelf application whose security has been compromised may be reported to the vendor for future provision of security updates.DocumentationAll security attacks, their impact on the information system and possible sources and causes should be documented. This gives an audit trail for future consideration. Adaptive development, also takes into consideration such incidences for purposes of fixing the bugs.

Road to Hell

baker, bothered by this, feels he needs to raise the issue and break-through he seams at the last meeting with his successor. Unfortunately, do to the lack of greatness of communicating a bewilder cultures portrayed by Baker and his unawareness when it comes to his ladder of proof, Baker has unintentionally created a hostile atmosphere which has left the follow with no successor as Chief Engineer. The ladder of demonstration is a common mental pathway of increasing abstr live up to, often leading to misguided beliefs. The ladder of inference begins with observable data and experiences. Ross, 1994). For example, Baker, as he begins opinion of the credits and debits associated with Rentals, he claims because Rentals spent four years at London university It has heightened his sensitively to any press of Dallas coming from expatriates. Baker, by observing what was going on in the work place (Jacksons complaints about Rentals rudeness), has selected certain data from what he observ ed and put personal meanings behind it that may be untrue. This has caused him to make assumptions afterwards the meanings he has added to his observations.Rentals claims that if a heckling had be overheard in an equally obstruct manner he would have reacted in the same way. He claims there are similarly other citizenry in the company, also expatriates, who felt the same. Baker assumed because Rentals was a Barracking that he would not get along with expatriate ranking(prenominal) managers and he was racially conscious. When, In reality, he was of a new Barnacle generation, who was well educated and nonrecreational, exculpated to people of other cultures. Because of Bakers assumptions about Rentals he took action without adjusting or realizing his ladder of Inference, damaging the relationship further.Lastly, the reflexive loop, which determines our beliefs that influence what data we will select following(a) time, influences the way Baker continuously feels about Rentals. H e continuously feels as thought he has to correct Rentals way of being racially conscious without postulation Rentals what on the dot is going on or how he feels about the situation. Communicating across cultures tail be difficult and challenging for all employees in a company, including senior level management. No two groups crack the mankind exactly the same way (Island & Turner, 2011) and through analyzing the case The Road to Hell E can see that this is In fact true. If the ideas behind cross cultural misconception, cross cultural misinterpretation, and cross-cultural miscalculation, are not recognized as Important, companies, Like Continental Ore, can be left with a smuggled situation among managers which leads to poor performance for the company over all. When talking about being aware of cross-cultural selective (Island & Turner, 2011), Baker only noticed how Rentals acted with his fellow Barbarians and only took into account Jacksons complaint. Baker did not care to a sk Rentals what was going on.Perception is also culturally rigid (Island & Turner, 2011). Because Baker is European, and Europe has been developed industrially for almost 300 years, he felt that his race was superior to that of the Barbarians because Barbarians had Just begun tapping into the industrial growth that the rest of the world had already seen. Although this may have been accurate, making a stereotype that all Barbarians are behind offended Rentals and his culture. Although Baker may have not think to offend Rentals, Rentals may have misinterpreted what Baker was in truth trying to say.This is an example of cross- cultural misinterpretation this occurs when an individual gives meaning to observations and their relationships (Island & Turner, 2011). Because Rentals studied in London and represents the professional educated Barracking, he is sensitive to racial issues and he misinterpreted Bakers casual references to European history as putting d deliver his country. What Baker did was stereotype all Barbarians when truly Rentals was part of the professional, well educated, new generation of Barbarians with different viewpoints.Stereotyping, a form of disintegration that organizes our experience and guides our behavior toward ethnic and national groups, is only effective when people understand other cultures but act admit in new situations. Baker failed to do this. Baker also miscalculated Rentals. People often use their own culture as a standard of touchstone they label their own culture as good and other cultures as bad (Island & Turner, 2011). Baker label the European culture as good and the Barracking culture as bad because they have not been developing identical to the way European nations have developed.The first action I would take, if I were Baker, would be to think about why Rentals could possibly feel this way and I would also consult a friend or colleague. Once I calculate out what I did to cause this I would call Rentals and ask him to come in and speak with me once again and attempt to apologize and explain that you know exactly what you did to upset him and explain how big of an asset he is to the company. I would also investigate further what is genuinely going on between Rentals and the expatriates working for the company and have a potential meeting with all employees involved. Samaritan MahoneyRoad to HellBaker, bothered by this, feels he needs to raise the issue and break-through he seams at the last meeting with his successor. Unfortunately, do to the lack of importance of communicating across cultures portrayed by Baker and his unawareness when it comes to his ladder of inference, Baker has unintentionally created a hostile atmosphere which has left the company with no successor as Chief Engineer. The ladder of inference is a common mental pathway of increasing abstraction, often leading to misguided beliefs. The ladder of inference begins with observable data and experiences. Ross, 1994). For exampl e, Baker, as he begins thinking of the credits and debits associated with Rentals, he claims because Rentals spent four years at London university It has heightened his sensitively to any sign of Dallas coming from expatriates. Baker, by observing what was going on in the work place (Jacksons complaints about Rentals rudeness), has selected certain data from what he observed and put personal meanings behind it that may be untrue. This has caused him to make assumptions after the meanings he has added to his observations.Rentals claims that if a Barracking had behaved in an equally obstruct manner he would have reacted in the same way. He claims there are also other people in the company, also expatriates, who felt the same. Baker assumed because Rentals was a Barracking that he would not get along with expatriate senior managers and he was racially conscious. When, In reality, he was of a new Barnacle generation, who was well educated and professional, open to people of other cultur es. Because of Bakers assumptions about Rentals he took action without adjusting or realizing his ladder of Inference, damaging the relationship further.Lastly, the reflexive loop, which determines our beliefs that influence what data we will select next time, influences the way Baker continuously feels about Rentals. He continuously feels as thought he has to correct Rentals way of being racially conscious without asking Rentals what exactly is going on or how he feels about the situation. Communicating across cultures can be difficult and challenging for all employees in a company, including senior level management. No two groups see the world exactly the same way (Island & Turner, 2011) and through analyzing the case The Road to Hell E can see that this is In fact true. If the ideas behind cross cultural misconception, cross cultural misinterpretation, and cross-cultural miscalculation, are not recognized as Important, companies, Like Continental Ore, can be left with a disastrou s situation among managers which leads to poor performance for the company over all. When talking about being aware of cross-cultural selective (Island & Turner, 2011), Baker only noticed how Rentals acted with his fellow Barbarians and only took into account Jacksons complaint. Baker did not care to ask Rentals what was going on.Perception is also culturally determined (Island & Turner, 2011). Because Baker is European, and Europe has been developed industrially for almost 300 years, he felt that his race was superior to that of the Barbarians because Barbarians had Just begun tapping into the industrial growth that the rest of the world had already seen. Although this may have been accurate, making a stereotype that all Barbarians are behind offended Rentals and his culture. Although Baker may have not intended to offend Rentals, Rentals may have misinterpreted what Baker was actually trying to say.This is an example of cross- cultural misinterpretation this occurs when an individ ual gives meaning to observations and their relationships (Island & Turner, 2011). Because Rentals studied in London and represents the professional educated Barracking, he is sensitive to racial issues and he misinterpreted Bakers casual references to European history as putting down his country. What Baker did was stereotype all Barbarians when really Rentals was part of the professional, well educated, new generation of Barbarians with different viewpoints.Stereotyping, a form of disintegration that organizes our experience and guides our behavior toward ethnic and national groups, is only effective when people understand other cultures but act appropriate in new situations. Baker failed to do this. Baker also miscalculated Rentals. People often use their own culture as a standard of measurement they label their own culture as good and other cultures as bad (Island & Turner, 2011). Baker labeled the European culture as good and the Barracking culture as bad because they have not been developing identical to the way European nations have developed.The first action I would take, if I were Baker, would be to think about why Rentals could possibly feel this way and I would also consult a friend or colleague. Once I figured out what I did to cause this I would call Rentals and ask him to come in and speak with me again and attempt to apologize and explain that you know exactly what you did to upset him and explain how big of an asset he is to the company. I would also investigate further what is really going on between Rentals and the expatriates working for the company and have a potential meeting with all employees involved. Samaritan Mahoney

Descartes Essay Essay

None of the proposed philosophical theories is exact, not even a conclave of two or more theories (Sayre, 2011). However, Descartes has unique way of metaphysical argument concerning initiation of perfection. Descartes Discourse on the Method (Part IV) ends surprisingly with a claim of Gods existence, which can be deduced from the interrelationship between mind, soul and our existence. Descartes began the fourth section by discussing about himself.The reading up to the point where he gives source to a dogmatic being, God, could only suggest that Descartes was discussing about his philosophical thought about his being as a man. However, the discourse twist came when he inferred, something and so having every perfection of which I could have any idea, that isto explain myself in one wordby God (Bennett, 2007, p. 16). After this inference, the discourse changed to one that discussed the existence of God.It was at this point that it became clear that the ending would be more of God s existence rather than a conclusion of Descartes as a forgiving being. The change of discourse from exploration of self to a proof of Gods existence through personal evaluation was indeed an ingenious thought. close of the times we try to prove existence of God or lack thereof by evaluating what are outside us. However, Descartes made a self-evaluation on internal values of himself as a human being.By deconstructing his strengths and limitations, he was able to realize a fair conclusion about the existence of a supreme being, which we refer to as God. Therefore, the ending was different but offered a concise conclusion on Gods existence despite starting on a different discourse. References Bennett, J. (2007). Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting ones Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. Retrieved from http//www. earlymoderntexts. com/pdf/descdisc. pdf Sayre, H. (2011). The Humanities Culture, Continuity, and Change in the altogether York Pearson College Div.

Legacy of the Middle Ages in the West

Palm Beach Atlantic University Legacy of the Middle Ages in the west An Essay Submitted to Dr. Gary Poe Humanities II by Blake Nichol March 17, 2010 Legacy of the Middle Ages in the West Dear Friend, I read your argument belatedly nigh the Middle Ages and how you allow the belief that it was a time of no cultural expression. Well, Im writing to try to persuade you to think otherwise. after ward an extensive, semester long study on the Middle Ages and the up to nowts that took place, leaving a great mark in history, I would like to inform you of my studies.Through the research I return take ine I have found at least four major contributions to what is known as the legacy of the Middle Ages in the West. The first issue that I will point out to you is the technological advances during this time period, the second is the founding of the different major universities, the third is the great technique in conglomerate architectural structures, and the fourth and final contribution I will explain to you will be the promotion of science and medicine.Hopefully, after reading this, if youre non too bored, you will understand why the Middle Ages did not lack cultural expression, but instead, had a very great influence on the West. So, allows get right down to business, shall we? The first thing Id like to point out that was developed was the printing press. It was developed in the late middle ages by a German craftsman named Johannes Gutenberg. Now, where would we be without this invention? The printing press is a major invention and silent in usage today.Obviously, the ones we use today have been perfected to be more efficient and less expensive to produce maximum output but make up so, its the same basic concept that started way back in the Middle Ages. Another preen of technological advancements that came about during the Middle Ages were the different types of war methods that were developed. They developed the catapult, the metal crossbow, and closely of all, gunpowder. The catapult is a great idea and I believe this is a concept that started to be perfected and continued be perfected until today and now it has turned into us launching missiles from an entire country away.Due to the invention of the catapult, we no longer even have to go with legislate to hand combat anymore in modern warfare. Almost all of it can be done from a computer screen. Even the crossbow is still in use today. Not necessarily in warfare but I know hunters still use crossbows. The main thing developed to advance warfare was gunpowder. Can you imagine where we would be today without the development of gunpowder? I think that one is self explanatory. During this time period, we also have the development of about three major universities.These were three of the first Western schools for higher education since about the sixth century The first is the University of Bologna, and no, its not a university for fashioning sandwiches. It was actually the first pl ace to study law and the first place to teach anatomy. The second university is the University of Oxford. The University of Oxford, if I remember correctly, was founded in 1170 in England and taught philosophy and theology. The third, and credibly most important of the three universities, is the University of Paris.The University of Paris offered a variety of degrees including civil and canon law, medicine, theology, and liberal arts, which was basically devoting to translating Aristotle. Other universities had a similar curriculum set up, but for almost reason their professors lacked the renown internationally like the University of Paris professors had. A famous person that you might have heard of actually taught there. A guy by the name of Thomas Aquinas taught there off and on for about ten years.He was a Dominican friar. About six c years after his death, his thought was declared to be the founding of the Roman Catholic beliefs. So basically, through all of these universitie s developing and professors being heard, this is how we get the basis for one of the most wide spread, if not the most wide spread, religion in the world. I think that right there should be something enough to incline you, but if you still have doubts, let me give you a little more of what went on during the Middle Ages.The next thing that Im pass to tell you about is probably one of the most astounding things of all. It is the architectural developments during this time period. I mean, to be developed a thousand years ago, without the use of fancy machinery and computers, and still be standing todaythats pretty impressive. Not only are they still standing, but they are also the most beautiful architectural structures in the world. People from all over the world still go to see them, so you cant say that they dont have an effect on modern day society.In these structures you will find that they use a lot of different techniques. They used huge varnished glass windows, tall ceilings , and extremely fancy artistry. There were also different styles, such as Romanesque and Gothic styles. Inside these different styles of architectural structures were developments that are still heard of today. For example, in most churches today we still have a narthex. It is basically just the lobby area before you walk into the church. We also have a unique feature used in Gothic architecture that is still around today.Gargoyles were used in Gothic style architecture and even today you see a variety of different gargoyles. If theyre not on the top of a gated entrance to a fancy house or community, you might find a smaller version on your book shelf holding your books up. No matter what you find, the simple point that Im trying to get across is that they are still in use today. The final thing I want to point out during this letter is the advancement of science and medicine during this time period.Thomas Acquinas, who was one of the greatest thinkers to ever live did a lot of stud ying of nature and the things of the earth. To him, everything was of God in nature, which is correct harmonize to Biblical principles because God created everything and He is everything. As far as medicine goes, we see that people that were going to school to be doctors were now starting to examine human bodies in order to identify certain disorders and diseases in order to effectively treat them.They were also beginning to build hospitals, which were the first places women could effectively give out as nurses since they werent allowed into medical school. These are just some of the few things to do with the science and medicine industry to be done during the Middle Ages. I know I may not be the best writer and may not have gotten all my points across clearly, but Im hoping that now you will be able to see that the Middle Ages was not just a time where no progress was made.In fact, the Middle Ages brought about so many different ways of looking at things from architecture to diff erent diseases to advancements in warfare. All of these things have only furthered our progress in developing some of the most advanced technologies and inventions that the world has ever seen. Thank you for reading this and I hope I have changed your perspective of the Middle Ages. BIBLIOGRAPHY Matthews, Roy T. 2008. The Western Humanities. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. Pp. 261-291 BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES

Professional Communication at the Workplace Essay

social communicating is essentially the exchange of communication amongst one person(s) and a nonher. Like any(prenominal) different form of communication, interpersonal communication involves the sender of the gist and the recipient of the message. The message can only be passed correctly if both the sender and the recipient pass it correctly and visualise each other. I feed for a voluntary company at the University. This assemblage aims at reaching out to the little fortunate both in the institution and the society generally. We do not offer financial overhaul as such(prenominal) but instead focus on the abilities of the people we interact with and give them the necessary counsel and advice they need. In this dash, we give them ideas on how they can actually help themselves out financially. This organization involves a lot of interaction, both within ourselves as the members of the organization and withal between us and the people we interact with. As such there is a lot of interpersonal communication that goes on. The group consists of a total of ten members, and as they say, we argon like our fingers we come in diametrical sizes and lengths, not literally but in terms of age, personalities, gender, culture, spiritual orientation and physical abilities and disabilities. This whole structure of diversity makes communication, particularly interpersonal communication, an issue charge debate. This is because the way we choose to communicate within ourselves and others is bound to affect our service deli actually either positively or negatively. The following part of the paper forget critically die each of these factors mentioned above that makes us diverse in our communication, interpersonal communication.CITATION Joh12 p 56 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012, p. 56)AgeThe voluntary group I work for is extremely diversified when it comes to age, with members from the extreme sides of the age spectrum. The oldest member in the group is recovered forty sev en, go the youngest is seventeen. Most of the members, about seventy percent, are aged between seventeen and twenty five. The important reason behind this is the fact that the organization requires the participation of both the old and young. For instance, the young and vibrant group, which forms the majority of the group, is requisite to move up and down and interact with the people we look forward to offering our help to. The older group is mostly involved ion critically analyzing our depicted object studies and give direction on the best way forward. It is hence not easy to hold a conversation between these two groups that are contrary in terms of age. For instance, young people ordain always base their ideas on what social media says. They will go with current trends since that are what they are beaten(prenominal) with and immediately make a decision. The older group will look at trends on a more historical point of deal and analyze historical events in relation to the topic of discussion out front coming up with a remedy. The young members, moreover, communicate with a lot of slang because as much as this organization is based on official business, it is also a social and interactive group as well. This way, the message at propagation is not passed effectively from one person(s) to another. The consequence of this communication gap is that the goals of the organizations are not at all periods met and thusly efficiency is not achieved as well.CITATION Ric01 p 76 l 1033 (Pircadi, 2001, p. 76)Perceived Emotions, Relationships and PersonalityOur personalities define us. We have unalike personalities just as we are different in other aspects of our lives. The personality of a person is one thing that psychologists have proved beyond reasonable doubt that is very difficult to change. The personalities of a person will most of the time dictate the way in which they communicate. Some people are introverts and as such they tend to keep to themselves. They listen more than they announce. They view more and follow more from their surrounding and the people some them. Others are outspoken and will speak more. They utter themselves through speech. The relationship between or among people also influences communication. CITATION Joh12 l 1033 (Johnson, 2012)This I have witnessed in my voluntary work group. People tend to open up to those they are close with and give less details to the people they are not that close to. Ones family tends to know them better because of the blood relationship that exists as compared to outsiders. Finally, people perceive and express their emotions very differently. Jerry, a member of my voluntary group tends to hide his low moments in smiles. It is therefore not easy to tell what he is going through. I, on the other hand will always show it. I have no way to hide and it is communicated through my emotions. The way we react to how we feel will determine the way we communicate. There are those of us l ike Jerry who will drown our sorrows in smiles and those like me who will communicate it just as it is. It is therefore very clear that we communicate our emotions very differently and this goes way back to our personalities.CITATION Joh02 p 94 l 1033 (Gray, 2002, p. 94)Spiritual OrientationThe world is composed of people with very diverse spiritual backgrounds. Spiritual background forms the foundation of the life of a person. More often than not, the behavior of a person is well explained by their spectral beliefs. This is also the case with communication most of the time. Spiritual diversity will create diversity in speech and in communication generally. For instance, Moslems do not shake hand as a sign of greeting. Their greetings are always in form of speech. This is unlike other religions where people are allowed to shake hands casually and even hug. People from strong religious backgrounds and those with high faith are also very cautious with their speech. They tend to tast e their words before they spit them out, that is, they are sensitive in their speech so as not to hurt others. The voluntary group that I work with, or kinda that I work for has all Christians but one Moslem, Rahima Nassir. She, in one way or another, communicates in a different way from the rest. Most of the time, she refers to the Allah, who is the peremptory Being according to her religion. This happens especially in cases where she tries to sound optimistic and give a hopeless situation hope. The voluntary group involves a lot of interaction and therefore we have to be warm as we interact with others. This is at times not very easy to achieve owing to the fact that roughly religious beliefs have certain strains. Rahima is not the only one that faces such challenges. Even along the Christian front, there are mixed denominations which uphold different values. These values make the approach to various situations very differently. CITATION Gai10 p 104 l 1033 (Forey, 2010, p. 104 )GenderThe gender of a person also affects communication, particularly interpersonal communication. The distaff species has a different way of passing a message from the male species. One thing I love the most about my voluntary group is that we are balanced when it comes to gender. Out of a group of ten, we have five ladies and five gentlemen. This gives a ratio of one to one. However, this gender difference can at timers be a major setback in terms of communication. The Ladies, for instance would like to be addressed in a more soft way even when it comes to simple aspects such as greetings. Important to note is that communication does not involve only speech, there is verbal and non-verbal communication, all of which should be considered. throughout the time that I spend with members of my organization, I have observed that men and women have very different modes and methods of communication. Most of the time, male members are very rotatory in their speech as well as their illus trations. Ladies have a different approach. They, more often than not, are very soft both in their speech and illustrations. It is for this reason that they (ladies) are extremely cautious in their speech. I also noted that the men speak fewer words as compared to the ladies. Ladies speak more, except in a few instances.CITATION Mar09 p 85 l 1033 (Gufey, 2009, p. 85)Person with DisabilityThey say disability is not inability. However, this part of the paper will view disability as a hindrance to communication to an extent. People with disabilities, physical disabilities for that matter, face a lot of challenges when it comes to passing a message effectively. This bottleneck is confront by not only the sender of the message but the recipient as well. The voluntary group that I work for or rather the members of the group that I work with experiences such challenges. In the group, there are two people with physical disabilities. Jerry is a deaf while Geoffrey is visually impaired. Of th e two, I think Geoffrey has the most difficult time when it comes to communication. For one reason or the other, Geoffrey happened to be the secretary of the organization at some point in time. He therefore took minutes during meetings and did all the secretarial work. This position, I can say he deserved. Geoffrey is very brilliant besides being very diligent in his work. The main challenge that group faced was the translation of the brail recorded minutes. No one in the group understood brail language apart from Geoffrey himself. He was the only one that could read and understand the minutes. Consequently, he had to step down as secretary after a fortnight of good leadership. Jerry on the other hand, cannot communicate easily and effectively. As a matter of facts, he is most of the time misunderstood and the group experiences a lot of instances with miscommunication. Sign language is not that easy to understand. This impacts negatively on the communication in the organization. Bot h Jerry and the rest of the members have a hard time in communicating. The importance of both Geoffrey and Jerry in the group can never be underestimated but then at times the challenges effective communication a tall order.CITATION Per08 p 119 l 1033 (Mcintosh, 2008, p. 119) enculturationCulture is a very important aspect that should be put into consideration when it comes to effective communication. The culture of a member or members of a group determines how the message is conveyed and it also determines how the message is perceived. Culture affects communication to a very great extent simply because the culture of a person will dictate their flair of communication. This means that the more diverse the cultures are, the more diverse their styles of communication. Though to a small extent, there is cultural diversity in our voluntary group. In core we have people from diverse cultural group. For matters of convenience, I will describe the cultural diversity as high culture and l ow culture, not that any culture is more superior to another, but for explanatory purposes. For instance, Evelyn, the groups organizing secretary, is from the high culture. This category mainly focuses their communication on arts and by arts I mean it is more of music, drama et cetera. This category will therefore involve people with a very high esteem since for one to be able to express themselves through arts they have to be extremely bold, just typical of Evelyn. On the contrary, the low culture category involves large audiences. A good illustration of how culture can affect communication is that in some cultures for instance, it is very vital to maintain eye contact during communication while in others eye contact can be seen as offensive and unacceptable. Barry, the chairman of our voluntary group and Miley, our secretary are most of the time caught up in such a situation due to their religious differences.CITATION Jos14 p 92 l 1033 (Chesobro, 2014, p. 92)Conclusion and Recomm endationsWith over seven billion people in the world, it is judge that people will differ in relation to various aspects of life. Even people from the akin family, people with the same cultures, same religious beliefs and people from the same age group will at one point or the other differ. Communication, on the other is also very important. Each and everything we do revolves around communication. No man is an island. This simply means we have to live harmoniously with each other. For this reason, communication is very important. This paper has not focused on intrapersonal communication but interpersonal communication since this is the way we interact with each other in our work places. Without effective interpersonal communication at our work places, it almost difficult to make any social and economic progress. However, I have learnt from my work experiences at my voluntary group that diversities will always be there, they are there to stay. These are some aspects of life that we should accept them just in the way they come. We can never be the same. It is therefore very important to understand and embrace each of our diversities, placing our differences aside. From my own case study it is clear that communication is very important. It is equally clear that challenges must arise due to the diversities in various life aspects. Therefore, from my own experience, I would recommend that we respect the fact that we are not and can never be the same but try as well to burn any bridges that might exist as a result of the differences amongst us. We are one and shall always be one, despite our differences. allow us let communication to make us and not break us.References1033 Avery, C. (2001). The Flexible Workplace. immature York New York University Press.Chesobro, J. (2014). Professional Communication at the Workplace. New York New York University Press.Eunson, B. (2009). Communication in the Workplace. New York Edgeworth Publishers.Forey, G. (2010). Globalizatio n, Communication in the Workplace. Oxford University Press.Gray, J. (2002). Mars and Venus in the Workplace. Oxford University Press.Gufey, M. E. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. New York New York University Press.Johnson, J. (2012). Solving Problems in Technical Communication. Oxford University Press.Mcintosh, P. (2008). Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace. New York New York University Press.Muema, T. (2007). Effects of Poor Communication in the Workplace. Miley and Sons Publishers.Pircadi, R. (2001). Skills of Workplace Communication. New York New York University Press.Source document